State-of-the-art process simulations and techno-economic assessments of ionic liquid-based biogas upgrading techniques: Challenges and prospects

History repeats itself again: Will the mistakes of the past for ILs be repeated for DESs? From being considered ionic liquids to becoming their alternative: the unbalanced turn of deep eutectic solvents

“…358 Therefore, further studies are needed to thoroughly unveil the actual cost contribution of DESs in biorefineries, beyond the simple cost of raw material for their initial preparation. In the case of ILs, a few more techno-economic analyses of different processes have been carried out, 359 which span from biogas upgrading 360 and CO 2 capture, 361 to production of fuel-grade tert-butyl alcohol 362 and synthesis of platinum nanoparticles. 363 Within the specific theme of the review, Blanch et al highlighted already in 2011 364 how reduction of ILs' cost, reduction of ILs' loading and increase of ILs' recycling were key areas to be tackled for increasing the profitability of a lignocellulosic ethanol biorefinery based on IL pretreatment.…”

“…358 Therefore, further studies are needed to thoroughly unveil the actual cost contribution of DESs in biorefineries, beyond the simple cost of raw material for their initial preparation. In the case of ILs, a few more techno-economic analyses of different processes have been carried out, 359 which span from biogas upgrading 360 and CO 2 capture, 361 to production of fuel-grade tert -butyl alcohol 362 and synthesis of platinum nanoparticles. 363…”

Hydrogen sulfide capture and removal technologies: A comprehensive review of recent developments and emerging trends

“…The IL-based process performs better with a higher CO 2 capture ratio, higher solvent recovery ratio, and lower cold energy consumption. Haider et al [193] reviewed a few other simulation-based studies analyzing the technical, economic, and sustainability aspects of IL-based processes used for acid gas removal. These studies demonstrate the high potential of ILs to remove H 2 S and CO 2 from fuel gases at lower or comparable cost compared to the existing technologies.…”

Molecular Thermodynamic Modeling of Hybrid Ionic Liquids for Biogas Upgrading

“…14 Their high CO 2 solubility, low volatility, high thermal and chemical stability, affinity for other impurities, and many other properties are chiefly responsible for their attractiveness for biogas upgrading. 15 Despite the above-mentioned advantages, the high viscosity of most ILs is prohibitive, limiting their techno-economic viability on an industrial scale. 16 Palomar et al 17 investigated the role of kinetics over thermodynamics for using ILs as physical solvents for CO 2 removal, concluding that low viscosity and molar mass are desirable attributes to enhance the process economics using ILs, mainly in aspects including ILs consumption, equipment sizing, and energy requirement.…”

“…The designation of ILs as task-designer solvents grants them an additional degree of freedom during solvent synthesis, by tuning the selection of anion and cation to specifically tailor solvent properties for a particular application . Their high CO 2 solubility, low volatility, high thermal and chemical stability, affinity for other impurities, and many other properties are chiefly responsible for their attractiveness for biogas upgrading …”