State-of-the-Art Report. Ground Freezing: Thermal Properties, Modelling of Processes and Thermal Design

Artificial ground freezing of a volcanic ash: laboratory tests and modelling

“…Although the thermal conductivities of liquid water and ice depend slightly on temperature (Farouki, 1982;Frivik, 1981), in this study, average constant values were considered over the whole range of temperatures examined in this study (-10°C to 25°C). This introduces a maximum error on the conductivity of water of about 9% and a maximum error on the conductivity of ice of only 2%.…”