State of the Art, Trends and Future of Bluetooth Low Energy, Near Field Communication and Visible Light Communication in the Development of Smart Cities

García, Gonzalo Cerruela; Ruiz, Irene Luque; Gómez‐Nieto, Miguel Ángel

doi:10.3390/s16111968

Cited by 58 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…VLC can be also used to coordinate the movement and timing of robots in manufacturing settings, such as automobile factories. It can provide location-based communications to automated guided carts and "smart cart" robots or provide drone-to-station communications for precise, interference-free movement, drop zones and landing sites [67,68].…”

Section: Light-to-medical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible Light Communication System Based on Software Defined Radio: Performance Study of Intelligent Transportation and Indoor Applications

2019

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In this paper, our first attempt at visible light communication system, based on software defined radio (SDR) and implemented in LabVIEW is introduced. This paper mainly focuses on two most commonly used types of LED lights, ceiling lights and LED car lamps/tail-lights. The primary focus of this study is to determine the basic parameters of real implementation of visible light communication (VLC) system, such as transmit speed, communication errors (bit-error ratio, error vector magnitude, energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio) and highest reachable distance. This work focuses on testing various multistate quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM). We have used Skoda Octavia III tail-light and Phillips indoor ceiling light as transmitters and SI PIN Thorlabs photodetector as receiver. Testing method for each light was different. When testing ceiling light, we have focused on reachable distance for each M-QAM variant. On the other side, Octavia tail-light was tested in variable nature conditions (such as thermal turbulence, rain, fog) simulated in special testing box. This work will present our solution, measured parameters and possible weak spots, which will be adjusted in the future.

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Section: Light-to-medical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible Light Communication System Based on Software Defined Radio: Performance Study of Intelligent Transportation and Indoor Applications

2019

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“…Similar technology is expected to make aggressive progress in the areas of energy production and transmission [48,49]. This massive and rapid growth is aimed at efficient use of resources in power generation and higher operational efficiency to meet growing energy needs [50][51][52].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet of Energy (IoE) and High-Renewables Electricity System Market Design

et al. 2019

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The growing importance of the Internet of Energy (IoE) brands the high-renewables electricity system a realistic scenario for the future electricity system market design. In general, the whole gist behind the IoE is developed upon a somewhat broader idea encompassing the so-called “Internet of Things” (IoT), which envisioned a plethora of household appliances, utensils, clothing, smart trackers, smart meters, and vehicles furnished with tiny devices. These devices would record all possible data from all those objects in real time and allow for a two-way exchange of information that makes it possible to optimize their use. IoT employs the Internet Protocol (IP) and the worldwide web (WWW) network for transferring information and data through various types of networks and gateways as well as sensor technologies. This paper presents an outline stemming from the implications of the high-renewables electric system that would employ the Internet of Energy (IoE). In doing so, it focuses on the implications that IoE brings into the high-renewables electricity market inhabited by smart homes, smart meters, electric vehicles, solar panels, and wind turbines, such as the peer-to-peer (P2P) energy exchange between prosumers, optimization of location of charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs), or the information and energy exchange in the smart grids. We show that such issues as compatibility, connection speed, and most notoriously, trust in IoE applications among households and consumers would play a decisive role in the transition to the high-renewables electricity systems of the 21st century. Our findings demonstrate that the decentralized approach to energy system effective control and operation that is offered by IoE is highly likely to become ubiquitous as early as 2030. Since it may be optimal that large-scale rollouts start in the early 2020s, some form of government incentives and funding (e.g. subsidies for installing wind turbines or solar panels or special feed-in-tariffs for buying renewable energy) may be needed for the energy market to make early progress in embracing more renewables and in reducing the costs of later investments. In addition, there might be some other alternative approaches aimed at facilitating this development. We show that the objective is to minimize the overall system cost, which consists of the system investment cost and the system operating cost, subject to CO2 emissions constraints and the operating constraints of generation units, network assets, and novel carbon-free technologies, which is quite cumbersome given the trend in consumption and the planned obsolescence. This can be done through increasing energy efficiency, developing demand side management strategies, and improving matching between supply and demand side, just to name a few possibilities.

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“…2 Therefore, we need a new wireless medium. 3 With the recent advances in the field of solid-state lighting, white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are anticipated to become a key player in future lighting. Compared with conventional (incandescent and fluorescent) lighting, LEDs offer various advantages such as low power consumption, long lifetime, lower voltage requirements, smaller sizes, cooler operation, low cost, and swift switching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible light communication – An architectural perspective on the applications and data rate improvement strategies

Saadi

Ahmad

Saleem

et al. 2018

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Demand for bandwidth hungry applications and mobile services is pushing an unquenchable need for wireless capacity. Existing radio frequency networks are characterized by shared medium, inadequate spectrum, and restricted user capacity. Solid state lighting is modernizing indoor as well as outdoor illumination. The capability of quick switching of light emitting diode makes them superior to other lighting sources enabling simultaneous use as a communication and illumination device. Visible light communication (VLC) using light emitting diodes is an attractive approach for many networking scenarios and is considered as a complementary technology for future heterogeneous wireless networks. This article presents an architectural perspective on the applications and data rate improvement strategies. A wide range of VLC applications have been investigated, comparison has been drawn with radio frequency, and generalized network architecture is also proposed. Numerous applications of VLC are data rate intensive, so data rate improvement approaches have also been studied. At the end, a lucid conclusion is drawn about the applicability, acceptability, and utilization of VLC and co‐VLC–based systems.

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State of the Art, Trends and Future of Bluetooth Low Energy, Near Field Communication and Visible Light Communication in the Development of Smart Cities

Cited by 58 publications

References 157 publications

Visible Light Communication System Based on Software Defined Radio: Performance Study of Intelligent Transportation and Indoor Applications

Visible Light Communication System Based on Software Defined Radio: Performance Study of Intelligent Transportation and Indoor Applications

Internet of Energy (IoE) and High-Renewables Electricity System Market Design

Visible light communication – An architectural perspective on the applications and data rate improvement strategies

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