State of the Fishing and the Aquaculture in the southern Seas of Russia in XXI century

Abstract

The analyze of dynamic of quantity and composition of the Russian catches in the Sea of Azov, Black and Caspian Seas in the 21st century was made. It has been shown that catches decrease with a simultaneous increase in the proportion of marine fish proper. The analyze of aquaculture development in southern regions is provided and also identified the prospects for its development in the near future. Currently, there is a positive dynamics of growth in the production of commercial fish farming products. Since 2000 this parameter has decreased from 77 to 328 thousand tons in 2020. The volume of aquaculture in the southern regions of the country in 2020 amounted to more than 78 thousand tons, which is 24% of the total Russian. In Rostov and Astrakhan region, Krasnodar territory obtained 90.6% aquaculture production. The perspective ways are pasture aquaculture, ponds and industrial fish farming, recreational aquaculture, mariculture. The expansion of the species diversity of farmed fish is possible both due to the aboriginal ichthyofauna and the use of previously acclimatized species.

Prospects for the development of commercial fish farming in the South of Russia

“…Judging by the growth rate of production, in the south of Russia there is a more or less stable balance of supply and demand for artificially bred carps. They form the basis of local aquaculture [22][23][24][25]. Sazan, common carp are traditional components of fish ration of population in many regions of the country.…”

Current state of the Sea of Azov main commercial fishery resources and ways to restore them

“…Natural and climatic conditions, the presence of reservoirs adapted for growing fish, reservoirs, estuaries, lakes and artificial fish ponds in the region contribute to the intensive development of almost all types of fish farming -pond, industrial, pasture, cage, as well as the reproduction and conservation of aquatic biological resources [27]. And also one of the directions of aquaculture is promising -installations of recirculating water supply (RAS).…”