State of the rigid-layer in cell walls of some gram-negative bacteria

Martin, Hans Herbert; Heilmann, Hans-Dietrich; Preusser, H.-J.

doi:10.1007/bf00425246

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The peptidoglycan isolated from cell walls of P. aeruginosa consists of macromolecular network of covalently linked repeating units (3,10). This structure of peptidoglycan is similar to that of penicillin-susceptible organisms previously reported (2,15,17).…”

supporting

confidence: 76%

“…After areas of the paper corresponding to the origin (peptidoglycan product) were cut out and then washed with adequate amounts of distilled water for 2 h, comparison of the remaining amounts of peptidoglycan synthesized by the particulate fraction from P. aeruginosa KM 338 in the absence and in the presence of penicillin G or carbenicillin was shown in Table 1. When either penicillin G or carbenicillin (10 Mg/ml) was contained in the incubation mixture, at least 50% inhibition of cross-linked peptidoglycan synthesis was observed by both antibiotics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Penicillin-Resistant Mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Effects of Penicillin G and Carbenicillin on Transpeptidase and d -Alanine Carboxypeptidase Activities

Suginaka

Ichikawa

Kotani

1974

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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A membrane fraction from Pseudomonas aeruginosa KM 338 was shown to catalyze in vitro peptidoglycan synthesis from uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine and uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine. Synthesized peptidoglycan was partially cross-linked by transpeptidation, which was accompanied by the release of D-alanine. This reaction was strongly inhibited by 25 and 50 ,ug of penicillin G and carbenicillin per ml respectively, whereas the intact cells were relatively resistant to penicillins (minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin G and carbenicillin, 30 and 0.125 mg/ml, respectively). Soluble D-alanine carboxypeptidase present in P. aeruginosa KM 338 was studied as well, which was found almost completely inhibited by penicillin G and carbenicillin (10

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supporting

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Penicillin-Resistant Mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Effects of Penicillin G and Carbenicillin on Transpeptidase and d -Alanine Carboxypeptidase Activities

Suginaka

Ichikawa

Kotani

1974

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…The peptidoglycan isolated from cell walls of this organism (12,18) is similar to that of penicillin-susceptible organisms (10,23,25). In a previous paper (27) it was reported that the membrane fraction derived from P. aeruginosa KM 338 catalyzes peptidoglycan synthesis, including the cross-linking reaction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…All the organisms tested were grown in Trypticase soy broth (BBL) at 37 C for 18 h. These broth cultures were disrupted with an ultrasonic disintegrator (60 W, 20 kcycle/s. Ohtake Seisakusho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) for 10 min, and the resulting suspensions of each disrupted culture were used as the enzyme source.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Penicillin-Resistant Mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Binding of Penicillin to Pseudomonas aeruginosa KM 338

Suginaka

Ichikawa

Kotani

1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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A comparison of the binding of radioactive penicillin G to whole cells and the membrane fraction derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa KM 338 was made. This organism has intrinsic resistance to penicillin. The binding to the membrane fraction which catalyzed peptidoglycan synthesis followed saturation type kinetics and saturation was achieved at approximately 2 nmol of penicillin G per ml, whereas binding to the whole cells was entirely of the nonsaturation type. The binding of carbenicillin to the membrane fraction was determined by competition between radioactive penicillin G and unlabeled carbenicillin for the binding sites. It was bound at the same sites in almost the same manner. When whole cells were pretreated with high concentration of unlabeled penicillin G or carbenicillin, the subsequent binding of radioactive penicillin G to the membrane fraction from carbenicillin-treated cells was entirely nonspecific, but with penicillin G-pretreated cells it was still specific. There was apparently specific binding of radioactive penicillin G to ethylenediaminetetraacetate-treated cells. P. aeruginosa KM 338 had an extremely low activity of β-lactamase compared with other enzyme-producing organisms. This enzyme from P. aeruginosa KM 338 was of the cephalosporinase type. These data indicate that penicillin resistance of P. aeruginosa KM 338 may be a consequence of the development of a permeability barrier which prevents the antibiotic from reaching its sites of action in the cytoplasmic membrane.

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“…Therefore, if the OM grows faster than the underlying cell wall, the cross-linking can be missing, allowing the OM to protrude ( Figure 2B) (Wensink and Witholt, 1981). The observation that P. aeruginosa OM possesses a lower lipoprotein content than E. coli OM could explain why P. aeruginosa cells produce more OMV than E. coli (Martin et al, 1972;Mashburn-Warren and Whiteley, 2006). Mutant strains in genes encoding OM lipoproteins and proteins that are associated with the peptidoglycan layer, such as OmpA, Lpp, TolB and Pal, secrete several-fold more vesicles than their respective wild-type strains (Bernadac et al, 1998;Cascales et al, 2002;McBroom et al, 2006;Iwami et al, 2007;Song et al, 2008;Deatherage et al, 2009).…”

Section: Om Peptidoglycan Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prokaryotic membrane vesicles: new insights on biogenesis and biological roles

Haurat¹,

Elhenawy

Feldman

2014

Biological Chemistry

125

123

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Biogenesis and trafficking of membrane vesicles are essential and well-studied processes in eukaryotes. In contrast, vesiculation in bacteria is not well understood. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced in Gramnegative bacteria by blebbing of the outer membrane. In addition to the roles in pathogenesis, cell-to-cell communication and stress response, recent work has suggested that OMVs play important roles in immunomodulation and the establishment and balance of the gut microbiota. In this review we discuss the known and novel roles of OMVs and the different biogenesis models proposed, and address the evidence for cargo selection into OMVs. We also discuss the growing evidence for the existence of membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria and Archaea. Due to their biological importance and promising applications in vaccinology, the biogenesis of OMVs is an important topic in microbiology.

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State of the rigid-layer in cell walls of some gram-negative bacteria

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

Penicillin-Resistant Mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Effects of Penicillin G and Carbenicillin on Transpeptidase and d -Alanine Carboxypeptidase Activities

Penicillin-Resistant Mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Effects of Penicillin G and Carbenicillin on Transpeptidase and d -Alanine Carboxypeptidase Activities

Penicillin-Resistant Mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Binding of Penicillin to Pseudomonas aeruginosa KM 338

Prokaryotic membrane vesicles: new insights on biogenesis and biological roles

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