State Organization and Policy Formation: The 1970 Reorganization of the Post Office Department

Ratings and the institutional approach: A third answer to the commodity question

“…In this approach, researchers have sought to uncover the hidden economics of mass media in order to correctly locate media industries within capitalism. Primary issues, then, have included questions of financial control and ownership (e.g., Guback, 1979;or Wasko, 1982), effects of oligopoly or monopoly (e.g., Danielian, 1939;or Yorke, 1931), the role of the State (e.g., Benda, 1979;Mosco and Herman, 1981;Smythe, 1957), pluralist ideology and hegemonic content (e.g., Bennett, 1982a and1982b;Gitlin, 1980;Hall, 1982;Skornia, 1965), cultural imperialism and one-way flows (e.g., Schiller, 1973Schiller, , 1976Schiller, , 1977or Nordenstreng and Varis, 1974), and so on across a spectrum of both issues and authors in the Americas and in Europe.…”