State Policy and Teen Childbearing: A Review of Research Studies

Beltz, Martha; Sacks, Vanessa; Moore, Kristin Anderson; Terzian, Mary

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.11.001

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…First, of these three distal determinants, shifts in state-level policies seem to account for the greatest proportion of recent declines in teen childbearing. Policies designed to increase access to family planning services, improve access to and funding for high quality education, and restrict welfare benefits and accessibility appear to be most strongly associated with falling rates of teen births, while policies tailored to restrict access to comprehensive sex education or abortion services do not appear to explain much, if any, of recent declines in teen childbearing (Beltz et al 2015; Kearney & Levine 2015). Second, the association between economic opportunities and teen childbearing remains unclear and depends on the type of measure used as well as the specific population under study.…”

Section: Approaches To Understanding the Decline In Teen Childbearingmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…One of the most pronounced findings from recent research is that policies designed to increase access to family planning services, most notably among women living in or near poverty (Yang & Gaydos 2010), are associated with lower levels of teen childbearing (Beltz et al 2015; Moore et al 2014). This has primarily been accomplished by using waivers to expanding Medicaid coverage to include family planning services (Kearney & Levine 2015).…”

Section: Potential Joint Explanations For Recent Trends In Crime Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these studies specifically seek to determine the extent to which changes ushered in during the era of welfare reform (PWORA was passed in 1996) are associated with subsequent declines in teen childbearing. Findings from these research efforts are decidedly mixed (Beltz et al 2015), with some investigators reporting lower teen birth rates in states with stricter rules regarding TANF provision to minors unless they reside with a parent, guardian, or other adult relative (Lopoo & Deliere 2006), while others find little evidence that the early implementation of TANF or utilization of family cap restrictions occurred in states that witnessed the most pronounced declines in teen childbearing (Kearney & Levine 2015). …”

Section: Potential Joint Explanations For Recent Trends In Crime Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Declines in Crime and Teen Childbearing: Identifying Potential Explanations for Contemporaneous Trends

2016

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Objectives The previous 25 years have witnessed remarkable upheavals in the social landscape of the United States. Two of the most notable trends have been dramatic declines in levels of crime as well as teen childbearing. Much remains unknown about the underlying conditions that might be driving these changes. More importantly, we do not know if the same distal factors that are responsible for the drop in the crime rate are similarly implicated in falling rates of teen births. We examine four overarching potential explanations: fluctuations in economic opportunity, shifting population demographics, differences in state-level policies, and changes in expectations regarding health and mortality. Methods We combine state-specific data from existing secondary sources and model trajectories of violent crime, homicides, robberies, and teen fertility over a 20-year period from 1990 to 2010 using simultaneous fixed-effects regression models. Results We find that 4 of the 21 predictors examined - growth in the service sector of the labor market, increasing racial diversity especially among Hispanics, escalating levels of migration, and the expansion of family planning services to low-income women – offer the most convincing explanations for why rates of violent crime and teen births have been steadily decreasing over time. Moreover, we are able to account for almost a quarter of the joint declines in violent crime and teen births. Conclusions Our conclusions underscore the far reaching effects that aggregate level demographic conditions and policies are likely to have on important social trends that might, at first glance, seem unrelated. Furthermore, the effects of policy efforts designed to target outcomes in one area are likely to spill over into other domains.

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Section: Approaches To Understanding the Decline In Teen Childbearingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Potential Joint Explanations For Recent Trends In Crime Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Joint Explanations For Recent Trends In Crime Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Declines in Crime and Teen Childbearing: Identifying Potential Explanations for Contemporaneous Trends

2016

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“…Evidence suggests that the cheaper and easier it is to obtain effective contraception, the more likely it will be adopted, with a corresponding decline in unintended fertility (Peipert, Madden, Allsworth, and Secura ). The relationship between abortion laws and unintended fertility is more mixed (Beltz, Sacks, Moore, and Terzian ; Coles et al. ; Medoff ).…”

Section: Explaining Educational Differences In Unintended Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifty Years of Unintended Births: Education Gradients in Unintended Fertility in the US, 1960–2013

Hayford¹,

Guzzo²

2016

Population & Development Rev

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“…In a recent review of state policy regarding teen childbearing, Beltz et al noted lower teen birth rates in states that offered access to family planning services and contraceptives with policies and practices to improve public sexual health education. 23 Although family planning services also benefit AYA who are HIV infected, acknowl-edging the unique challenges faced by this group at a policy level would highlight the importance of addressing their particular needs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting Among Adolescents and Young Adults with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States: Challenges, Unmet Needs, and Opportunities

Hatfield-Timajchy

Brown

Haddad

et al. 2016

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Given the realistic expectations of HIV-infected adolescents and young adults (AYA) to have children and start families, steps must be taken to ensure that youth are prepared to deal with the challenges associated with their HIV and parenting. Literature reviews were conducted to identify published research and practice guidelines addressing parenting or becoming parents among HIV-infected AYA in the United States. Research articles or practice guidelines on this topic were not identified. Given the paucity of information available on this topic, this article provides a framework for the development of appropriate interventions and guidelines for use in clinical and community-based settings. First, the social, economic, and sexual and reproductive health challenges facing HIV-infected AYA in the United States are summarized. Next, family planning considerations, including age-appropriate disclosure of HIV status to those who are perinatally infected, and contraceptive and preconception counseling are described. The impact of early childbearing on young parents is discussed and considerations are outlined during the preconception, antenatal, and postnatal periods with regard to antiretroviral medications and clinical care guidelines. The importance of transitioning AYA from pediatric or adolescent to adult-centered medical care is highlighted. Finally, a comprehensive approach is suggested that addresses not only medical needs but also emphasizes ways to mitigate the impact of social and economic factors on the health and well-being of these young parents and their children.

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State Policy and Teen Childbearing: A Review of Research Studies

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Declines in Crime and Teen Childbearing: Identifying Potential Explanations for Contemporaneous Trends

Declines in Crime and Teen Childbearing: Identifying Potential Explanations for Contemporaneous Trends

Fifty Years of Unintended Births: Education Gradients in Unintended Fertility in the US, 1960–2013

Parenting Among Adolescents and Young Adults with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States: Challenges, Unmet Needs, and Opportunities

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