State Procrastination Measure

Defensive and Expansive Cycles of Learning: A Study of Home Care Encounters

“…What is actually learned within defensive learning cycles is seldom problematized in research literature. For example, Wäschle & al., (2014) examined vicious circles in selfregulated learning in terms of procrastination, understood as delay of academic tasks until the last minute. Students who recorded high levels of procrastination assessed their goal achievement as being low, which in turn reinforced procrastination.…”

“…In other words, we may expect both expansive and defensive learning cycles to take place in these encounters. Defensive learning cycles have been examined in studies of organizational learning (e.g., Argyris & Schön, 1978;Garud & Kumaraswamy, 2005;Henfridsson & Söderholm, 2000;Masuch, 1985;Youtie & Corlie, 2011) but until quite recently they have received scant attention within the learning sciences (for recent exceptions, see Martínez-Álvarez, 2016 andWäschle &al., 2014).…”