State regulation and response inhibition in children with ADHD and children with early‐ and continuously treated phenylketonuria: An event‐related potential comparison

Wiersema,; Meere, van der Jacob; Roeyers, Herbert; Wiersema, Roeljan

doi:10.1007/s10545-005-0110-1

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…13,14 Inhibitory control was tested with a slow and fast event rate Go ⁄ No-Go task, which targets both alerting and executive functions supported by frontostriatal and limbic brain areas, and has differentiated ADHD groups from other clinical groups and controls. 15,16 The consistent finding has been that Go ⁄ No-Go performance deteriorates under slow event rate conditions, supporting the view that a deficiency in effort ⁄ activation systems constitutes the key deficit in ADHD. 17 Therefore, the present study sought to examine sustained attention and inhibitory control in children with ADHD or FASD from a differential diagnostic perspective.…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

Differentiating attention deficits in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder or attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder

Kooistra

Crawford

Gibbard

et al. 2010

Develop Med Child Neuro

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CPT Continuous Performance Task FASD Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder AIM The attention and inhibition problems found in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are also common in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Attempts to distinguish ADHD from FASDs in terms of these deficits are rare and were pursued in this study.METHOD A total of 116 children (47 with ADHD, 31 males, 16 females; 30 with FASDs, 17 males, 13 females; and 39 comparison children, 20 males, 19 females) participated. The mean age was 9 years 4 months (SD 1y 8mo) in the ADHD groups, 8 years 10 months (SD 1y 2mo) in the FASD group, and 9 years 1 month (SD 1y 1mo) in the comparison group. Sustained attention was tested with a slow event rate continuous performance task (CPT). Inhibitory control was tested with both a slow and fast event rate Go ⁄ No-Go task. RESULTSOn the CPT task, children with ADHD, combined type (ADHD-C), ADHD, primarily inattentive type (ADHD-PI), and FASDs showed greater declines in task performance as a function of time than comparison children, suggesting sustained attention problems in all clinical groups. Children's Go ⁄ No-Go performance was event-rate dependent, with the ADHD-C group being affected in the slow condition and the ADHD-PI and FASD groups having problems with the fast condition.INTERPRETATION Children with ADHD-C are typically impaired in handling understimulation, while children with FASDs may have problems with overstimulation. The dissociation in responsivity to event rate between groups may have significant differential diagnostic value.The modern fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) concept dates back to 1973, when it was first described as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).1 Since then, numerous papers have reported on the neurobehavioural symptoms associated with the disorders, including attention problems, restlessness, and impulsivity.2 Such problems are typically also seen in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).The fact that attention and impulsivity problems characterize both FASDs and ADHD has fuelled speculation regarding their overlap, but this possibility has rarely been tested by directly comparing both groups in the same design using neurocognitive tests of attention. Nanson and Hiscock 3 compared children with FAS with children with ADHD and a comparison group on a series of attention tasks. While the children with FAS were slower than those in the other two groups, their impulsivity and attention problems were similar to those of the children with ADHD. In addition, Coles et al. 4 directly compared the attention profiles of children with FAS and children with ADHD. Children with FAS had difficulties with encoding and shifting attention, while the children with ADHD had problems with focusing and sustaining attention. Interestingly, children with ADHD were found to be impulsive, unlike the children with FAS.The clinical relevance of the attention and impulsivity problems in ADHD is undisputed. In the search for the etiolog...

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confidence: 65%

Differentiating attention deficits in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder or attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder

Kooistra

Crawford

Gibbard

et al. 2010

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…These studies showed that slow and inaccurate RT performance in the condition with a long ISI was accompanied by reduced parietal P3 amplitude indicating less effort allocation (Wiersema et al, 2005;Wiersema et al, 2006).…”

Section: Psychopharmacologymentioning

confidence: 88%

Context-dependent Dynamic Processes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Differentiating Common and Unique Effects of State Regulation Deficits and Delay Aversion

et al. 2009

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The ability to specify differential predictions is a mark of a scientific models' value. State regulation deficits (SRD) and delay aversion (DAv) have both been hypothesized as context-dependent dynamic dysfunctions in ADHD.However, to date there has been no systematic comparison of their common and unique elements. Here we review these hypotheses -and describe the core and secondary manifestations of the two constructs and review evidenceIn support of them. Second, we focus on what are seen as the hallmark indicators of the two deficits -preference of small immediate over large delayed rewards for DAv and the slow event rate effect for SRD. We describe the overlap between these two manifestations and then explore how experimental manipulations and the analysis of neuropsychological and physiological mediators of effects can allow us to differentiate these two patterns of neuropsychological dysfunction on the basis of specific predictions. Finally, we highlight the implications of neuropsychological heterogeneity for the practical implementation of tests of DAv and SRD.Key words: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; delay aversion; state regulation; cognitive energetic; event rate; delay of gratification; delayed reward. 4 MOVING BEYOND FIXED DEFICIT MODELS OF ADHDAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent child and adolescent condition, which often persists into adulthood, marked by developmentally inappropriate and pervasive expressions of inattention, overactivity and impulsiveness (Banaschewski et al., in press). It is associated with functional impairments across multiple academic and social domains and is commonly accompanied by a range of externalising (e.g., conduct disorder) and internalising (e.g., anxiety) comorbid disorders (Taylor and SonugaBarke, 2008). Until recent times dominant neuropsychological theories of ADHD have focused on cognitive impairments associated with deficits in executive functions such as inhibitory control (Nigg, 2005) and working memory (Rapport et al., 2008). These are postulated to be grounded in altered fronto-striatal neural circuits modulated by catecholamine-based neuro-transmitters (Arnsten, 2009). Support for executive impairments in ADHD of the sort predicted by these models come from many studies (e.g. Willcutt et al., 2005;Bitsakou et al., 2008). However, it now seems unlikely that such deficits mediate the link between ADHD and its underlying causes (i.e., genes and environments; in any straightforward way . For instance, many children with ADHD appear not to have dysfunctional executive processes, while many children without ADHD, either with others disorders or with no disorder at all, do (Willcutt et al., 2005). Even where ADHD and executive dysfunction co-present the pattern is 5 rather fragmented and variable so that pervasive and severe executive deficit appears quite rare . Perhaps reflecting the influence of the classical bio-medical framework (Singh, 2008) and neuropsychological models of brain insult (Loge et al., 1990), ...

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“…The response inhibition (Barkley, 1997;Quay, 1997) and cognitive energetic models (Sergeant, 2000;Sergeant, 2005) have lent themselves readily to consideration using ERP tasks/methodology. Studies examining the effect of energetic factors on inhibitory processing report at least partial support for the Cognitive Energetic Model (Wiersema et al, 2005b;Wiersema et al, 2006;Benikos and Johnstone, 2009;Johnstone et al, 2010b;Johnstone and Galletta, in press). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-- Table 5 about hereIn a study using a visual Go/Nogo task, children with AD/HDcom showed slow and variable responding and a reduced P3 amplitude in the slow event-rate condition, seen as indicating a lack of adjustment of effort required to meet the task demands (Wiersema et al, 2005b). In a study with fast and slow presentation of a Go/Nogo task, the relationship between P3 amplitude and Go RT indicated poor effort allocation in the slow condition, with a reduced Nogo-N2 in the fast condition for children with co-morbid AD/HD and ODD, but not an AD/HD-alone group (Wiersema et al, 2006).…”

Section: Interaction With Energetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten years on: A follow-up review of ERP research in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Johnstone

Barry

Clarke

2013

Clinical Neurophysiology

148

132

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This article reviews the event-related potential (ERP) literature in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) over the years [2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012]. ERP studies exploring various aspects of brain functioning in children and adolescents with AD/HD are reviewed, with a focus on group effects and interpretations in the domains of attention, inhibitory control, performance monitoring, non-pharmacological treatments, and ERP/energetics interactions. There has been a distinct shift in research intensity over the past 10 years, with a large increase in ERP studies conducted in the areas of inhibitory control and performance monitoring. Overall, the research has identified a substantial number of ERP correlates of AD/HD. Robust differences from healthy controls have been reported in early orienting, inhibitory control, and error-processing components. These data offer potential to improve our understanding of the specific brain dysfunction(s) which contribute to the disorder. The literature would benefit from a more rigorous approach to clinical group composition and consideration of age effects, as well as increased emphasis on replication and extension studies using exacting participant, task, and analysis parameters. • Research focus and intensity has been in the domains of attention, inhibitory control, performance monitoring, non-pharmacological treatments, and ERP/energetics interactions.• Some consistent differences from healthy controls are emerging, but more emphasis on replication and extension studies is needed to increase the consistency and specificity of results. AbstractThis article reviews the event-related potential (ERP) literature in relation to attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) over the years 2002 to 2012. ERP studies exploring various aspects of brain functioning in children and adolescents with AD/HD are examined, with a focus on group effects and interpretations in the domains of attention, inhibitory control, performance monitoring, non-pharmacological treatments, and ERP/energetics interactions. There has been a distinct shift in research intensity over the past 10 years, with a large increase in ERP studies conducted in the areas of inhibitory control and performance monitoring. Overall, the research has identified a substantial number of ERP correlates of AD/HD. Robust differences from healthy controls have been reported in early orienting, inhibitory control, and error-processing components.These data offer potential to improve our understanding of the specific brain dysfunction(s) which contribute to the disorder. The literature would benefit from a more rigorous approach to clinical group composition and consideration of age effects, as well as increased emphasis on replication and extension studies using exacting participant, task, and analysis parameters.

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State regulation and response inhibition in children with ADHD and children with early‐ and continuously treated phenylketonuria: An event‐related potential comparison

Abstract: Our electrophysiological data support the state regulation hypothesis of ADHD. Only the children with PKU had more problems in inhibiting pre-potent responding than controls, which is in accord with the prefrontal dysfunction hypothesis of PKU.

Cited by 34 publications

References 57 publications

Differentiating attention deficits in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder or attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder

Differentiating attention deficits in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder or attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder

Context-dependent Dynamic Processes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Differentiating Common and Unique Effects of State Regulation Deficits and Delay Aversion

Ten years on: A follow-up review of ERP research in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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