“…These items measure the subjective feelings of apprehension, nervousness, and anxiety at the moment. Trait anxiety is the measure of relatively stable individual differences in anxiety susceptibility and is estimated using 20 items also arranged on 4-point scales of intensity (same as above) (Cipar et al, 2010). Higher scores on the respective scales indicate higher levels of state or trait anxiety, and a cutoff point of 45 has previously been used to determine low versus high levels of anxiety in patients undergoing surgery (Carr, Brockbank, Allen, & Strike, 2006;Oudhoff, Timmermans, Knol, Bijnen, & Van der Wal, 2007).…”