States of curiosity and interest enhance memory differently in adolescents and in children

Fandakova, Yana; Gruber, Matthias J.

doi:10.1111/desc.13005

Cited by 66 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the present findings contribute to the nascent literature of how curiosity enhances learning and memory. Prior studies on curiosity-related memory for incidental information used exclusively (i) trivia questions to elicit curiosity and (ii) neutral face images as incidental material (Fandakova & Gruber, 2020;Galli et al, 2018;Gruber et al, 2014;Murphy et al, 2020;Stare et al, 2018). Our findings that the level of curiosity about novel rooms (instead of trivia answers) correlated with memory for incidental daily-life objects (instead of faces) are consistent with previous findings on curiosity-related memory enhancements using the trivia paradigm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Important for real-world learning, studies have shown that states of high curiosity enhance memory relative to states of low curiosity (e.g., Duan, Fernández, Dongen, & Kohn, 2020;Fastrich, Kerr, Castel, & Murayama, 2017;Gruber, Gelman, & Ranganath, 2014;Kang et al, 2009;Marvin & Shohamy, 2016;Wade & Kidd, 2019). Moreover, states of curiosity also enhance memory for incidental information that is encountered during states of high compared to low curiosity (Fandakova & Gruber, 2020;Galli et al, 2018;Gruber et al, 2014;Murphy, Dehmelt, Yonelinas, Ranganath, & Gruber, 2020;Stare, Gruber, Nadel, Ranganath, & Gómez, 2018). However, studies on the role of curiosity in learning and memory have exclusively employed a trivia paradigm in which trivia questions were used to evoke various levels of curiosity states (for an overview, see .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anticipation of novel environments enhances memory for incidental information

Cen¹,

Gkoumas²,

Gruber³

2020

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Novelty is known to be a potent learning signal and has intrinsic motivational value, but little is known whether anticipation of novelty can enhance memory for incidental information that is encountered during the anticipation period. It is also unclear how anticipation of novelty relates to other intrinsic motivational states such as curiosity. Here, we used a newly developed VR paradigm in which participants actively navigated towards novel or previously familiarised rooms, and incidentally encountered objects on their way to the rooms. Across immediate and delayed surprise memory tests, participants showed superior recollection for incidental objects encountered while anticipating novel rooms as compared to familiar rooms, indicating a beneficial effect of novelty anticipation on memory for incidental information. Moreover, participants who reported higher curiosity for novel rooms exhibited more memory enhancement for incidental objects, suggesting that curiosity might be one important factor contributing to novelty-related memory enhancements.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipation of novel environments enhances memory for incidental information

Cen¹,

Gkoumas²,

Gruber³

2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Memory for the incidental face image was higher when participants anticipated answers with high compared to low curiosity. Therefore, states of high curiosity not only improve learning for topics that piqued an individual's curiosity, but a high-curiosity state can also improve memory of information beyond the target of a person's curiosity (for further replications, see Fandakova & Gruber, 2020;Galli et al 2018;Gruber et al 2014;Stare et al 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal proximity to the elicitation of curiosity is key for enhancing memory for incidental information

Murphy¹,

Dehmelt²,

Yonelinas³

et al. 2020

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Curiosity states benefit memory for curiosity target information, but also incidental information presented during curiosity states. Curiosity-related activity in dopaminergic regions and the hippocampus predicts such curiosity-enhanced memory for incidental information. However, it is not known whether incidental curiosity-enhanced memory depends on when incidental information during curiosity states is encountered. Here, participants incidentally encoded unrelated face images at different time points while they anticipated answers to trivia questions. Across two experiments, we found memory enhancements for unrelated faces presented during high- compared to low-curiosity states, but only when a face was presented shortly after a trivia question. This incidental curiosity-enhanced memory was independent of the type of encoding judgement and was evident both after a short (Experiment 1) and a 24-hour delay (Experiment 2). The findings suggest that processes associated with the elicitation of curiosity - but not processes preceding the satisfaction of curiosity - enhance memory for incidental information.

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“…These studies have been employing a trivia paradigm in which participants anticipate answers to general knowledge questions associated with varying levels of curiosity about the answer. Using a version of the trivia paradigm, we recently investigated whether children between 10 and 14 years showed differential effects of how curiosity and surprise affect memory [20] . We found that younger children (10-12 years of age) and adolescents (12)(13)(14) years of age) demonstrated enhanced memory for answers to trivia questions for which they were curious relative to answers to trivia questions about which they were not curious [20] .…”

Section: • Maturation Of Curiosity-eliciting Brain Functions Might Unmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curiosity in childhood and adolescence - what can we learn from the brain

Gruber¹,

Fandakova²

2021

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Accumulating evidence in adults has shown that curiosity and surprise enhance memory via activity in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and dopaminergic areas. Based on findings of how these brain areas and their inter-connections develop during childhood and adolescence, we discuss how the effects of curiosity and surprise on memory may develop during childhood and adolescence. We predict that the maturation of brain areas potentially related to curiosity elicitation (hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex [ACC], prefrontal cortex) and protracted development of hippocampal-PFC and ACC-PFC connectivity lead to differential effects of curiosity and surprise on memory during childhood and adolescence. Our predictions are centred within the PACE (Prediction-Appraisal-Curiosity-Exploration) framework which proposes multiple levels of analyses of how curiosity is elicited and enhances memory.

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States of curiosity and interest enhance memory differently in adolescents and in children

Cited by 66 publications

References 87 publications

Anticipation of novel environments enhances memory for incidental information

Anticipation of novel environments enhances memory for incidental information

Temporal proximity to the elicitation of curiosity is key for enhancing memory for incidental information

Curiosity in childhood and adolescence - what can we learn from the brain

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