States without Cities: Demographic Trends in Early Java

Christie, Jan Wisseman

doi:10.2307/3351153

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Sejak berabad-abad lamanya, tata kelola keuangan desa telah dilakukan pada periode kerajaan Mataram kuno. Sejumlah hasil penelitian terdahulu (Astriana, 2019;Budiasih, 2014;Christie, 1991Christie, , 1992Dwiyanto, 1995;Haryono, 1999Haryono, , 2013Lutfillah, 2014;Lutfillah & Sukoharsono, 2013;Satrio et al, 2018) berhasil mengungkap keberadaan sistem ekonomi masyarakat Jawa kuno yang mengarah pada tata kelola keuangan desa telah diatur dalam penetapan suatu wilayah menjadi sîma. Kebijakan penetapan sîma tersebut dilakukan oleh pihak kerajaan pusat untuk memperkuat status otonom desa dalam mengatur dan mengelola potensi sumber daya desa selaras dengan nilai-nilai kosmologi.…”

Section: Kata Kunci: Desa Sima Kosmologi Tata Kelola a B S T R A Kunclassified

“…Istilah kata sîma menurut Haryono (1999) berasal dari bahasa sansekerta 'sîman' yang berarti batas atau tapal batas (sawah, tanah, desa, dan sebagainya). Hasil penelitian terdahulu (Ardika et al, 2018;Christie, 1991;Dwiyanto, 1995;Dwiyanto et al, 1992;Haryono, 1999;Tjahjono & Rangkuti, 1998) menunjukkan bahwa pada masa Mataram kuno terdapat sebuah kebijakan, dimana suatu wilayah akan diubah statusnya menjadi sîma oleh pihak kerajaan untuk mendorong pemerataan kesejahteraan masyarakat di wilayah-wilayah yang kurang berkembang secara ekonomis. Setiap wilayah sîma didorong agar mampu mengelola potensi sumberdaya alam yang dimiliki desa secara otonom.…”

Section: Historiografi Desa Sîmaunclassified

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The Use of the Construction Sima Village as an New Contruction of Rules

Widhianningrum

2022

BAKI

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This study seeks to understand and construct the concept of financial governance that has been practiced in sîma village by using a hermeneutic approach. Various written sources that have relevance to the research topic are used as a source of data analysis in this study. The results show that the beliefs of the ancient Javanese community through their holistic knowledge of the cosmological reality also influenced the structuring of the sîma village to its core, namely financial management. The concept of cosmology refers to the importance of wisdom in carrying out all life activities by maintaining a balance between worldly and spiritual life. The idea of financial governance in the same village, especially regarding the policy of allocating income to the village, has the same concept as the Village Law. Villages are given autonomous authority by the kingdom to manage the potential of their resources, including revenue and allocation of regional cash expenditures. The allocation of expenditure for the sîma village is prioritized on the maintenance and management of sacred buildings. The development of village infrastructure is specifically directed at development efforts that support people's agricultural businesses, such as the construction of dams as flood control, provision of adequate agricultural technology, irrigation systems, pest control and post-harvest handling. The wisdom of managing the sîma village finances in the past had implications for humans to think with perfect reason and behave according to the heart to create peace, prosperity, and the continuity of life for all the inhabitants of the universe.

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Section: Kata Kunci: Desa Sima Kosmologi Tata Kelola a B S T R A Kunclassified

Section: Historiografi Desa Sîmaunclassified

The Use of the Construction Sima Village as an New Contruction of Rules

Widhianningrum

2022

BAKI

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“…The number of populations which made the culturestelsel achieved a greater success eventually. Despite the administrative and economic development by the Dutch colonial government (Christie, 1991), there was not much urban developments in 1815, because the agriculture did not need agglomeration of the population to support its activities. However, Jakarta had a different effect, as the center of colonial system Jakarta became the administer center of seizure of agricultural surpluses from culturestelsel (Winarso, 2011).…”

Section: The Compulsory Cultivation (Culturestelsel) (1830-1870)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The History of Urbanization in Java Island: Path to Contemporary Urbanization

Octifanny

2020

tataloka

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The paper presents the historical analysis of the spatial transformation and emerging urban reality in Java Island. The historical approach used to understand the urbanization dynamics from the year 1200 until the present time. The study passes through important historical events: early Archipelago, precolonial, colonial state, late colonialization, Japanese occupation, Indonesia’s independence, Indonesia’s democratic experiment, guided democracy, new order, fall of the new order, and post-Suharto era, in which the history of urbanization pattern is also visualized on the map. From a long time frames the colonial state, new order, and the post-1997 financial crisis are the most important influence for Java’s urbanization. From the study, it reveals that the urbanization in Java Island has undergone a series of events that made the urban population contracted or expanded; hence its centers moved to different places. The study also underlines the influence of colonial and economic crises which made Java, and particularly Jakarta, to emerge as the epicenter of urbanization in Indonesia, as Jakarta’s urban development was further enhanced after Indonesia’s independence.

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“…Current Angkorian research suggests its capital was characterized by low-density urbanism (Fletcher et al 2003). Only Java, across all of Premodern Southeast Asia, has well-documented demographic packing (Christie 1991), although northern Vietnam surely housed large populations. Truly dense urbanism emerged later, in the fifteenth–sixteenth centuries, as port cities grew to take advantage of new European trade opportunities (Reid 1980).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Going Against Whose Grain? Archaeological Theory and Southeast Asia's Premodern States

Stark

2019

CAJ

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Southeast Asia is a paradox to Western scholars. Few are familiar with its history, yet Southeast Asia has been a veritable intellectual resource extraction zone for twentieth- and twenty-first-century social thought: imagined communities, galactic polities, agricultural involution and the moral economy of peasants all emanate from work done in Southeast Asia. The region's archaeological record is equally paradoxical: late Pleistocene ‘Hobbit’ hominins disrupt models of human origins, the world's largest Buddhist monument of Borobudur now sits in a wholly Muslim land mass in central Java, and the world's largest premodern city of Angkor is located in Cambodia, a country that remains resolutely rural. So we should not be surprised that Scott'sAgainst the Grain: A deep history of the earliest statesdraws from a career in Southeast Asian studies to study human history (the entire Anthropocene). This essay concentrates on how Scott believes early Mesopotamian states became legible.

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States without Cities: Demographic Trends in Early Java

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

The Use of the Construction Sima Village as an New Contruction of Rules

The Use of the Construction Sima Village as an New Contruction of Rules

The History of Urbanization in Java Island: Path to Contemporary Urbanization

Going Against Whose Grain? Archaeological Theory and Southeast Asia's Premodern States

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