Statewide survey of medically important ticks on white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman, in Alabama, U.S.A.

Changes in the geographic distribution of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, in the United States

“…This is not surprising because, with the exception of the western parts of Virginia and North Carolina in recent years (see Sections 10.4 – 10.5 ), drag sampling has primarily yielded the adult stage of I. scapularis in the Southeast ( Lavender and Oliver, 1996 ; Clark et al, 1998 ; Cilek and Olson, 2000 ; Maggi et al, 2010 ; Glass et al, 2019 ; Morris et al, 2022 ) and the vast majority of human encounters has been with adult ticks ( Felz et al, 1996 ; Merten and Durden, 2000 ). Additional information on the geographic distribution of I. scapularis was published from Alabama ( Kerr et al, 2022a , b ), Florida ( Forrester et al, 1996 ; Cilek and Olson, 2000 ; Durden et al, 2000 ; Allan et al, 2001 ; Fang et al, 2002 ; Burroughs et al, 2016 ; Hertz et al, 2017 ; Glass et al, 2019 , 2021 ; Kessler et al, 2019 ), Georgia ( Durden et al, 2002 ; Fang et al, 2002 ; Wells et al, 2004 ; Wedincamp and Durden, 2016 ), North Carolina ( Apperson et al, 1990 , 1993 ; Levine et al, 1997 ; Maggi et al, 2010 ; Barbarin et al, 2020 ), South Carolina ( Barton et al, 1992 ; Clark et al, 1998 , 2001 ; Fang et al, 2002 ), and Virginia ( Sonenshine et al, 1995 ; Casteel and Sonenshine, 1996 ; Tanner et al, 2010 ; Brinkerhoff et al, 2014 ; Herrin et al, 2014 ; Kelly et al, 2014 ; Nadolny et al, 2014 ; Jackson, 2020 ; Morris et al, 2022 ; Whitlow et al, 2022 ). These studies added numerous new county records for I. scapularis in all states in the Southeast.…”