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Hydraulic cylinders are widely used in rudder surface control, landing gear retraction of aircraft. The aircraft could benefit a lot on weight reduction, by the application of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFPR) on the hydraulic cylinder. The design, optimization, manufacture of the CFRP hydraulic cylinder tube without metal liner is systematically studied in this article. In terms of structure design, inspired by natural thorn plants, a bionic thorn‐tooth connection structure is designed to connect CFRP and the metal end. Then the theoretical design method of thorn‐tooth is proposed. It also provides a new solution for the generic technology of CFRP‐to‐metal connection. In terms of CFRP parameters design method, an accurate mechanical model of CFRP hydraulic tube is established, the influence law of CFRP parameters on mechanical properties is explored, and the optimization method of CFRP parameters adapted to new characteristics is proposed. In terms of the manufacturing process, the split manufacturing‐combined molding process with high precision and low cost is developed to fit the characteristics of CFRP hydraulic tube without metal liner. The prototype manufactured by the proposed method has a weight reduction ratio of 62.37% while maintaining performances compared to the original metal hydraulic cylinder tube. This research will bring significant performance gains and considerable economic and environmental benefits to aircrafts.Highlights The systematic study of CFRP hydraulic tube without metal liner is presented for weight reduction. The bionic thorn‐tooth connection and its parameter design method are proposed. The CFRP parameters design method of CFRP hydraulic tube is established. A manufacturing process adapted to CFRP hydraulic tube without metal liner is developed.
Hydraulic cylinders are widely used in rudder surface control, landing gear retraction of aircraft. The aircraft could benefit a lot on weight reduction, by the application of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFPR) on the hydraulic cylinder. The design, optimization, manufacture of the CFRP hydraulic cylinder tube without metal liner is systematically studied in this article. In terms of structure design, inspired by natural thorn plants, a bionic thorn‐tooth connection structure is designed to connect CFRP and the metal end. Then the theoretical design method of thorn‐tooth is proposed. It also provides a new solution for the generic technology of CFRP‐to‐metal connection. In terms of CFRP parameters design method, an accurate mechanical model of CFRP hydraulic tube is established, the influence law of CFRP parameters on mechanical properties is explored, and the optimization method of CFRP parameters adapted to new characteristics is proposed. In terms of the manufacturing process, the split manufacturing‐combined molding process with high precision and low cost is developed to fit the characteristics of CFRP hydraulic tube without metal liner. The prototype manufactured by the proposed method has a weight reduction ratio of 62.37% while maintaining performances compared to the original metal hydraulic cylinder tube. This research will bring significant performance gains and considerable economic and environmental benefits to aircrafts.Highlights The systematic study of CFRP hydraulic tube without metal liner is presented for weight reduction. The bionic thorn‐tooth connection and its parameter design method are proposed. The CFRP parameters design method of CFRP hydraulic tube is established. A manufacturing process adapted to CFRP hydraulic tube without metal liner is developed.
To examine the viability of combining pine needle fiber-reinforced polylactic acid composites, galvanized iron sheet and aluminum sheet via the use of mechanical fastening and adhesive bonding methods was investigated. The study included the preparation of three distinct kinds of joints, namely, adhesive, nut-bolt, and rivet joints, with the purpose of assessing their tensile and flexural strength. The findings indicated that the use of both mechanical fastening and adhesive bonding methods yielded successful outcomes in the bonding of these materials, with the strength of the joints changing based on the approach employed. The adhesive bonding approach exhibited superior tensile and flexural strength in comparison to the mechanical fastening technique. The microstructural examination demonstrated that the adhesive bonding approach yielded a consistent and uninterrupted contact between the materials, while the mechanical fastening technique exhibited some surface imperfections and deformations. The results indicated that both approaches were effective in producing robust and long-lasting joints.
Wind turbine blades (WTBs) are susceptible to lightning damage, resulting in significant costs for repair and replacement, which poses a considerable economic burden on wind farms. Therefore, this study investigates the mechanism of lightning damage of glass fiber composite (GFC)-WTBs to reduce the risk of such damage. The damage of GFC-WTBs caused by lightning strikes was analyzed using a numerical simulation method. The lightning pilot was simulated using high-voltage rod electrodes, and subsequently, the electric field strength and damage area on the blade surface under different conditions were measured. Additionally, a simulation model based on finite element analysis was developed to further predict and validate the experimental findings. The results reveal that the maximum electric field intensity was observed in the blade tip. Notably, the electric field intensity was found to be over 798,000 V/m when the rod electrode was positioned at a 0-degree angle with the blade tip. Further investigation revealed a non-linear and positive correlation between the damage area of GFC and lightning current amplitude, charge, and specific energy. In conclusion, the study provides a comprehensive examination of the relationship between lightning current and the damage to GFC-WTBs, as well as elucidates the mechanism of lightning damage to GFC-WTBs.
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