Static and Reconfigurable Huygens’ Metasurfaces: Use in Antenna Beamforming and Beam Steering

Ataloglou, Vasileios G.; Egorov, Gleb A.; Kim, Jaemin; Xu, Gengyu; Dorrah, Ayman H.; Ohadi, Amirmasoud; Kim, Min Seok

doi:10.1109/map.2022.3169363

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Comparing the three plots reveals the metasurface-combined array antenna enhances the radio link by 7~17 dB. The third type of experiment takes place in the anechoic chamber, as others do in [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. As for theoretical understanding, the way the metasurface compensates for the input phases is analyzed.…”

Section: Test Bench Examination Anechoic Chamber Test and The Analyse...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metamaterial Surface Avoiding Loss from the Radome for a Millimeter-Wave Signal-Sensing Array Antenna

Moon,

Kim,

Seo

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Radar systems are a type of sensor that detects radio signals reflected from objects located a long distance from transmitters. For covering a longer range and a higher resolution in the operation of a radar, a high-frequency band and an array antenna are measures to take. Given a limited size to the antenna aperture in the front end of the radar, the choice of a millimeter-wave band leads to a denser layout for the array antenna and a higher antenna gain. Millimeter-wave signals tend to become attenuated faster by a larger loss of the covering material like the radome, implying this disadvantage offsets the advantage of high antenna directivity, compared to the C-band and X-band ones. As the radome is essential to the radar system to protect the array antenna from rain and dust, a metamaterial surface in the layer is suggested to meet multiple objectives. Firstly, the proposed electromagnetic structure is the protection layer for the source of radiation. Secondly, the metasurface does not disturb the millimeter-wave signal and makes its way through the cover layer to the air. This electromagnetically transparent surface transforms the phase distribution of the incident wave into the equal phase in the transmitted wave, resulting in an increased antenna gain. This is fabricated and assembled with the array antenna held in a 3D-printed jig with harnessing accessories. It is examined in view of S21 as the transfer coefficient between two ports of the VNA, having the antenna alone and with the metasurface. Additionally, the far-field test comes next to check the validity of the suggested structure and design. The bench test shows around a 7 dB increase in the transfer coefficient, and the anechoic chamber field test gives about a 5 dB improvement in antenna gain for a 24-band GHz array antenna.

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Section: Test Bench Examination Anechoic Chamber Test and The Analyse...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metamaterial Surface Avoiding Loss from the Radome for a Millimeter-Wave Signal-Sensing Array Antenna

Moon,

Kim,

Seo

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…C USTOMIZED electromagnetic (EM) response with two-dimensional (2D) metasurfaces has been a topic of considerable interest among the research community. Their ability to modify the phase of the propagating EM fields makes them suitable for beam-steering antennas desired for the next generation of wireless standards [1], [2], [3], [4]. However, the capability of the metasurfaces cannot be fully utilized in physical prototypes with commercial off-theshelf (COTS) materials that come with preset effective permittivity and permeability [5], [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3-D Printable Synthetic Metasurface to Realize 2-D Beam-Steering Antenna

Ahmed

Hayat

Afzal

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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This article presents highly radio-frequency (RF) transparent phase gradient synthetic metasurfaces made of sub-wavelength-sized 3D printable meta-atoms with tailored permittivity that cannot be achieved with off-the-shelf, commercially available materials. The synthesized meta-atoms design uses one dielectric block of PREPERM R ABS 1000 material with air and metallic inclusions to make low-and high-permittivity materials. The inclusions' size and height are varied to achieve a complete phase range from 0 to 360 • , while maintaining transmission magnitudes greater than −3.0 dB. A two-dimensional array of meta-atoms forms a metasurface, which can be used for phase-shifting structures. Such metasurfaces can manipulate RF waves by introducing progressive phase delay into array elements. The proposed meta-atoms are employed to create highly RF transparent phase-gradient metal-dielectric composite metasurfaces (MDCMs) operating at 11 GHz. These MDCMs can be implemented through 3D printed technology using low-cost thermoplastics or polymers with composite filaments and minimal human intervention. A pair of MDCMs are combined with an array of microstrip patches to demonstrate 2D beam steering functionality numerically. The antenna system provides a peak directivity of 19.9 dBi with a maximum conical scanning angle of 114 • and a directivity variation of less than 3 dB.

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“…Due to the exotic EM response of the metasurfaces, many promising applications have been developed, including polarization control [6], manipulation of beam shift [7,8], analog computing [9], to mention a few. In recent years, Huygens' metasurfaces (HMSs) have offered a promising approach for exquisitely controlling the EM waves in a reflectionless manner [10][11][12][13]. In general, HMSs are made up of co-located orthogonal electric and magnetic dipoles known as Huygens' sources, which manipulate wavefronts utilizing Schelkunoff's equivalence principle [14]-a rigorous formulation of the classical Huygens' principle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipartite dielectric Huygens’ metasurface for anomalous refraction

Sharma,

Wong

2023

Phys. Scr.

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Huygens’ metasurfaces – fundamentally based on Schelkunoff ’s equivalence principle, Huygens’ metasurfaces consist of a two-dimensional array of Huygens’ sources formed by co-located orthogonal electric and magnetic dipoles. Such metasurfaces provide electric and magnetic responses to an incoming electromagnetic (EM) wave, leading to unidirectional scattering and 2π phase coverage. We herein report a near-reflectionless coarsely discretized dielectric Huygens’ metasurface that performs anomalous refraction, offering a low-loss platform for wave manipulation at high frequencies as compared to their lossy metallic analogue. The coarse discretization dramatically simplifies the design, resulting in a metasurface that is highly efficient, cost-effective and robust. In this paper, the proposed metasurface comprises two metaatoms per period, and is hence named the bipartite dielectric Huygens’ metasurface. Through full-wave simulations at 28 GHz, we show that the proposed metasurface can reroute an incident EM wave from θi = 15o to θt = −44.5o with a very high efficiency: 87% of the scattered power is anomalously transmitted to θt . Based on our observations, a coarsely discretized dielectric Huygens’ metasurface platform can be efficacious to design meta-devices with multifaceted functionalities in different frequency regimes.

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Static and Reconfigurable Huygens’ Metasurfaces: Use in Antenna Beamforming and Beam Steering

Cited by 23 publications

References 64 publications

A Metamaterial Surface Avoiding Loss from the Radome for a Millimeter-Wave Signal-Sensing Array Antenna

A Metamaterial Surface Avoiding Loss from the Radome for a Millimeter-Wave Signal-Sensing Array Antenna

3-D Printable Synthetic Metasurface to Realize 2-D Beam-Steering Antenna

Bipartite dielectric Huygens’ metasurface for anomalous refraction

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