Static Risk Assessment in Offenders with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Nicholas, Suzanne; Gray, Nicola S.; Snowden, Robert Jefferson

doi:10.1002/9781118752982.ch7

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Whilst these factors may feature independently in existing theoretical approaches to offending, higher quality research studies suggest the role of autism in the aetiology of offending is relatively small. Autistic people have been reported to commit the full range of criminal offences (Faccini & Allely, 2019;Melvin, Langdon, & Murphy, 2017) and evidence suggests the range of static and dynamic risk factors documented in the wider offending population do not differ substantially for autistic individuals at risk of offending (Lofthouse, Totsika, Hastings, & Lindsay, 2018;Nicholas, Gray, & Snowden, 2018).…”

Section: Forensic Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working with Autistic People in the Criminal Justice and Forensic Mental Health Systems

Tyler¹,

Sheeran²

2022

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Around 50% of individuals residing in specialist learning disability forensic services in England and Wales are thought to be autistic. Among these are a small, but significant group of people who require care in a hospital environment under the Mental Health Act (1983, as amended 2007) due mental health problems and associated offending or offending-like behaviours. This chapter outlines some of the characteristics and features associated with this group along with the key factors for consideration in their care and treatment. Interventions, psychological therapies, and behavioural support approaches are discussed, along with some of the factors pertinent to discharge planning and community support provision for this complex and vulnerable group of people.

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Section: Forensic Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working with Autistic People in the Criminal Justice and Forensic Mental Health Systems

Tyler¹,

Sheeran²

2022

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“…Although most available instruments to assess risks of committing sexual offenses were developed for mainstream sexual offenders, many are used successfully with violent or sexual offenders with low IQ, both for static [( 59 , 71 , 72 , 80 , 81 ); see ( 82 ) for a review] and dynamic risk factors [( 83 ), see ( 84 ) for a review]. Assessing both static and dynamic risk factors is necessary, as each type explains significant and partly independent parts of the variance ( 82 , 84 – 86 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Sexual Offenses Committed by Men With or Without a Low IQ: An Exploratory Study

et al. 2022

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Although risk factors associated with offending and recidivism are relatively well-established for mainstream sexual offenses, much less is known about men with a low IQ who have sexually offended (MIQSO), let alone those with forensic involvement. In this exploratory study, 137 convicted for the commission of at least one sexual offense and found not criminally responsible because a mental disorder were recruited in a maximum-security hospital. They were all assessed with the SORAG (static risk factors) and the RSVP (dynamic risk factors). Compared with MIQSO (N = 76), men with an average or higher IQ who have sexually offended (MSO, N = 61) obtained significantly higher scores on static factors related with general delinquency (histories of alcohol abuse, non-violent criminality, violent criminality, and sexual offense) and dynamic factors related with sexual delinquency, paraphilia, and recidivism (chronicity, psychological coercion, escalation, sexual deviance, and substance abuse). In contrast, MIQSO obtained significantly higher scores on major mental illness, problems with planning and problems with self-awareness. Logistic regressions revealed that both the SORAG and RSVP were useful to predict group membership. It is concluded that risk factors related with general and sexual delinquency better describe offenses committed by MSO, whereas risk factors related with mental disorder, lack of insight and contextual impulsivity better describe offenses committed by MIQSO.

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The relationship between cognitive variables and offending behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review

Hammond

Beail

2020

Research Intellect Disabil

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BackgroundInterventions for offenders with intellectual disabilities (ID) have used cognitive variables as measures of treatment outcome. However, the relevance of cognitive variables to offending in people with intellectual disabilities is unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the evidence for a relationship between cognitive variables and offending in people with intellectual disabilities.MethodA systematic search identified studies comparing offenders and non‐offenders with intellectual disabilities on an aspect of cognition. Seven cognitive variables were found and compared across 15 studies. These were appraised for their quality using an adapted quality appraisal checklist. The reliability and validity of cognitive measures were also considered.Results and conclusionsOther than for cognitive distortions, the evidence for a relationship between cognitive variables and offending in people with intellectual disabilities is currently limited due to methodological weaknesses and the small number of studies assessing each variable. Clinicians are advised to focus on cognitive distortions until better evidence is available.

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Static Risk Assessment in Offenders with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

Working with Autistic People in the Criminal Justice and Forensic Mental Health Systems

Working with Autistic People in the Criminal Justice and Forensic Mental Health Systems

Risk Factors for Sexual Offenses Committed by Men With or Without a Low IQ: An Exploratory Study

The relationship between cognitive variables and offending behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review

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