Statin Use Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Mortality among Patients with COVID-19

Wu, Chieh-Chen; Lee, An-Jen; Su, Chun-Hsien; Huang, Chu-Ya; Islam, Mohaimenul; Weng, Yung-Ching

doi:10.3390/jcm10071450

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The reason why studies may show a difference in outcome for statin users vs non statin users may relate to differences in the level of risk in the groups studied. For example, the Coronado study [ 5 ] described a higher mortality rate in statin users whereas other studies have described a relative protective effect of statins in COVID-19-affected individuals with T2DM [ 35 ]. There is no question that statin use is overall hugely beneficial as reported in a recent very large study on US veterans [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in People with Type 2 Diabetes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population Level Analysis of Potential Risk Factors

et al. 2022

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Introduction Research is ongoing to increase our understanding of how much a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects someone’s risk of becoming seriously unwell following a COVID-19 infection. In this study we set out to determine the relative likelihood of death following COVID-19 infection in people with T2DM when compared to those without T2DM. This was conducted as an urban population study and based in the UK. Methods Analysis of electronic health record data was performed relating to people living in the Greater Manchester conurbation (population 2.82 million) who had a recorded diagnosis of T2DM and subsequent COVID-19 confirmed infection. Each individual with T2DM ( n = 13,807) was matched with three COVID-19-infected non-diabetes controls ( n = 39,583). Data were extracted from the Greater Manchester Care Record (GMCR) database for the period 1 January 2020 to 30 June 2021. Social disadvantage was assessed through Townsend scores. Death rates were compared in people with T2DM to their respective non-diabetes controls; potential predictive factors influencing the relative likelihood of admission were ascertained using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results For individuals with T2DM, their mortality rate after a COVID-19 positive test was 7.7% vs 6.0% in matched controls; the relative risk (RR) of death was 1.28. From univariate analysis performed within the group of individuals with T2DM, the likelihood of death following a COVID-19 recorded infection was lower in people taking metformin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) or a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and hypertension were associated with increased mortality and had odds ratios of 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.96–0.97) and 1.92 (95% confidence interval 1.68–2.20), respectively. Likelihood of death following a COVID-19 infection was also higher in those people with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or severe enduring mental illness but not with asthma, and in people taking aspirin/clopidogrel/insulin. Smoking in people with T2DM significantly increased mortality rate (odds ratio of 1.46; 95% confidence interval 1.29–1.65). In a combined analysis of patients with T2DM and controls, multiple regression modelling indicated that the factors independently relating to a higher likelihood of death (accounting for 26% of variance) were T2DM, age, male gender and social deprivation (higher Townsend score). Conclusion Following confirmed infection with COVID-19 a number of factors are associated with mortality in individuals with T2DM. Prescription of metformin, SGLT2is or GLP-1 agonists and non-smoking status appeared to be associated with a reduced the risk of death for people with T2DM. Age, male sex and social disadvantage are associated with an increased risk ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in People with Type 2 Diabetes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population Level Analysis of Potential Risk Factors

et al. 2022

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“…Statin-associated improved prognosis is partially attributed to the relieved inflammatory response [102]. A number of other researchers have confirmed the beneficial role of statin-use in COVID-19 infection [103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111]. Of note, an updated meta-analysis of 22 studies suggested stains use in COVID-19 patients were connected to an approximately 35% decrease in the adjusted risk of mortality [112].…”

Section: Cholesterol Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 96%

Metabolic Reprogramming in COVID-19

Shen

Wang

2021

IJMS

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Plenty of research has revealed virus induced alternations in metabolic pathways, which is known as metabolic reprogramming. Studies focusing on COVID-19 have uncovered significant changes in metabolism, resulting in the perspective that COVID-19 is a metabolic disease. Reprogramming of amino acid, glucose, cholesterol and fatty acid is distinctive characteristic of COVID-19 infection. These metabolic changes in COVID-19 have a critical role not only in producing energy and virus constituent elements, but also in regulating immune response, offering new insights into COVID-19 pathophysiology. Remarkably, metabolic reprogramming provides great opportunities for developing novel biomarkers and therapeutic agents for COVID-19 infection. Such novel agents are expected to be effective adjuvant therapies. In this review, we integrate present studies about major metabolic reprogramming in COVID-19, as well as the possibility of targeting reprogrammed metabolism to combat virus infection.

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“…Most studies originated from China, and a few recent meta-analyses showed the reflection of statin effects in the European and North American patient population. However, the findings and results varied greatly in study size, varying types, and dose of statin regimes [ 29 , 64 ]. With the results in the previous observational studies and the significant inference from the present study, the results of the progressing clinical trials will be critical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective role of statins in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective observational study

Umakanthan

Senthil

John³

et al. 2021

transl med commun

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Background To evaluate and determine the protective role of statins in COVID-19 patients. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study conducted across five hospitals in India. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized with existing and valid medical documentation were included. Results This study comprised 3252 COVID-19 patients, of whom 1048 (32.2%) were on statins, with 52.4% being males. The comorbidity prevalence of hypertension was 75%, followed by diabetes 62.51% and coronary artery disease being 47.5%. At the time of hospitalization, statin users had a higher incidence of dyspnea, cough, and fatigue (95.8, 93.3, and 92.7%). The laboratory results revealed a lower mean of WBC count (7.8 × 103/μL), D-dimer (2.4 μg/mL), and C-reactive protein (103 mg/L) among statin users. They also had lower mortality rates (17.1%), a lesser requirement for mechanical ventilation (20%), and hemodialysis (5.4%). Conclusion This observation study elaborates on the beneficial effects of statins in COVID-19 patients. However, the inferences from this study should be viewed with caution due to the impending effect of confounding factors on its statistical results.

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Statin Use Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Mortality among Patients with COVID-19

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

Mortality in People with Type 2 Diabetes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population Level Analysis of Potential Risk Factors

Mortality in People with Type 2 Diabetes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population Level Analysis of Potential Risk Factors

Metabolic Reprogramming in COVID-19

The protective role of statins in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective observational study

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