Statins and HIV: Beyond the Metabolic and Cardiovascular Benefit

Corrales–Medina, Vicente F.; Carpio, Freddy Del; Concha, Ronald; Symes, Stephen

doi:10.1097/01.qai.0000170531.73031.f7

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The possibility of statins as anti-inflammatory agents in HIV-1-infected individuals has been a hot research topic and was first noticed in attempts to treat ART-associated dyslipidemia. Indeed, statins exert broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects beyond cardiovascular diseases prevention, influencing both the innate and adaptive immune responses [8,9] . The properties of statins simultaneously targeting inflammation and dyslipidemia make them a natural candidate for attenuating the co-morbidity risk associated with HIV-1.…”

Section: Statinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, statins exert broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects beyond cardiovascular diseases prevention, influencing both the innate and adaptive immune responses. [8,9] The properties of statins simultaneously targeting inflammation and dyslipidemia make them a natural candidate for attenuating the co-morbidity risk associated with HIV-1. However, results from different studies in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) were somewhat controversial.…”

Section: Statinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extinguish the Fire: Anti-inflammatory Strategies for Over Immune Activation in Chronic HIV-1 Infection

Cao

2021

Infectious Diseases &Amp; Immunity

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The success of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) has greatly improved the outcome and life expectancy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected individuals. However, despite tremendous efforts over the past three decades, HIV-1 eradication remains an elusive goal to global researchers and clinicians. Successful ART could dramatically reduce the level of immune activation at the same time as virological control. However, even following long-term suppressive treatment, residual levels of viral replication persist, associated with unresolved immune activation, leading to increased risk for non-AIDS-related comorbidities and incomplete immune reconstitution. [1][2][3] Such state of immune activation is manifested both by enhanced expression of phenotypic activation markers on peripheral T and B lymphocytes and by increased plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. As a result, HIV-1-infected people continue to have increased morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. Even long-term non-progressors, though exhibiting relative benign disease progress, could not be exempted from abnormal immune activation. [4] During the past decade, studies in the HIV-1 cure field have expanded to include ART modifications, immunological approaches, cell and gene therapy approaches, and latency activating or reversing strategies. Meanwhile, novel techniques and assays have also been developed to characterize the persisting HIV-1 reservoirs as well as immunological markers.Based on the critical role of residual inflammation and its contribution to HIV-1 persistence, targeted immunological approaches to alleviate immune activation were developed to improve long-term outcomes. [5] The idea was first tested in untreated HIV-1infected patients using either hydroxychloroquine or prednisolone. [6,7] Though both studies failed to show any benefit on disease progression without the context of ART, a significant reduction of immune activation was observed with prednisolone at a small dose during 2-year follow-up. [7] Currently, on basis of full virological suppression, several molecules endowed with different degrees of anti-inflammatory effects have been studied in the context of HIV-1 infection.

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Section: Statinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extinguish the Fire: Anti-inflammatory Strategies for Over Immune Activation in Chronic HIV-1 Infection

Cao

2021

Infectious Diseases &Amp; Immunity

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“…While statin-induced reductions in innate immunity would have a beneficial effect on some co-morbidities, it could be harmful in other circumstances. This possible negative effect was also expressed as a concern in a letter to the editor to JAIDS by Corrales-Medina et al in 2005 in response to a study showing that statin therapy decreases the T-helper-1 (Th1)/T-helper-2 (Th2) lymphocyte ratio [68, 69], the reverse of what is observed in the course of HIV infection. Indeed, the authors point out that cross-modulation and cross-regulation between Th1 and Th2 cytokines appear to be necessary in the maintenance of adequate anti-HIV CD8+ T cell responses in HIV-infected chronic non-progressors [70].…”

Section: Implications Of Immunological Effects Of Statins In the Hiv-mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Statins in the Setting of HIV Infection

Eckard

McComsey

2015

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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HIV-infected individuals are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other HIV-related co-morbidities. This is due in part to dyslipidemia associated with antiretroviral therapy and increased inflammation and immune activation from chronic HIV infection. Statins not only have potent lipid-lowering properties but are also anti-inflammatory and immunomodulators. Studies suggest that statin therapy in the HIV-infected population may decrease the risk of CVD and other non-AIDS-defining co-morbidities. This review summarizes the recent literature on statin use in the HIV setting.

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