Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in older adults: A review of the evidence

Ali, Robin C.; Alexander, Karen P.

doi:10.1016/j.amjopharm.2007.03.008

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…More importantly, statins are commonly accepted to be safe and show tolerance in elderly patients [20,41,44,45]. Thus, statins are a potential therapeutic choice for IPF treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simvastatin Attenuates TGF-�1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells

Yang

Chen

Sun

2013

Cell Physiol Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) may contribute to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells (a human AEC cell line) resulted in the adoption of mesenchymal responses that were predominantly mediated via the TGF-β1-Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Simvastatin (Sim), a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, has been previously reported to inhibit EMT in human proximal tubular epithelial cells and porcine lens epithelial cells and to suppress Smad2/3 phosphorylation in animal models. However, whether Sim can attenuate TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells and its underlying mechanisms remains unknown. Methods: Cells were incubated with TGF-β1 in the presence or absence of Sim. The epithelial marker E-cadherin (E-Cad) and the mesenchymal markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin (Vi) and fibronectin (FN), were detected using western blotting analyses and immunofluorescence. Phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 levels and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were analyzed using western blotting. In addition, a cell migration assay was performed. Moreover, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 in the culture medium were examined using ELISA. Results: Sim significantly attenuated the TGF-β1-induced decrease in E-Cad levels and elevated the levels of α-SMA, Vi and FN via the suppression of Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, Sim inhibited the mesenchymal-like responses in A549 cells, including cell migration, CTGF expression and secretion of MMP-2 and -9. However, Sim failed to reverse the cell morphologial changes induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells. Conclusion: Sim attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells and might be a promising therapeutic agent for treating IPF.

show abstract

“…More importantly, statins are commonly accepted to be safe and show tolerance in elderly patients [20,41,44,45]. Thus, statins are a potential therapeutic choice for IPF treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simvastatin Attenuates TGF-�1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells

Yang

Chen

Sun

2013

Cell Physiol Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Few studies have addressed the clinical risks and benefits of longterm treatment of hyperlipidemia among women 24) or elderly patients 25) . The safety of long-term cholesterollowering therapy, including the issue of associated cancer risk or benefit, remains inconclusive because of conflicting clinical evidence 26) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Probucol Treatment Prevents Secondary Cardiovascular Events: a Cohort Study of Patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Japan

Yamashita

HBujo

Arai

et al. 2008

JAT

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They are used clinically to treat patients with cardiovascular disease like atherosclerosis, stroke and peripheral arterial disease due to their cholesterol lowering effect (Ali and Alexander, 2007;Golomb et al, 2008). However, statins exhibit umpteen pleiotropic cholesterol independent effects including anti-oxidants by reducing superoxide formation (Uekawa et al, 2014), anti-inflammatory by reducing macrophage migration , anti-microbial effect in staphylococcus blood infections (López-Cortés et al, 2013), modulation of the neurotrophic levels (Wu et al, 2008) and up-regulation of L-type Ca 2+ channel affecting smooth muscle contraction (Clunn et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-related neuropathic and anti-neuropathic effects of simvastatin in vincristine-induced neuropathic pain in rats

Bhalla

Singh

Jaggi

2015

Food and Chemical Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in older adults: A review of the evidence

Cited by 35 publications

References 47 publications

Simvastatin Attenuates TGF-�1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells

Simvastatin Attenuates TGF-�1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells

Long-Term Probucol Treatment Prevents Secondary Cardiovascular Events: a Cohort Study of Patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Japan

Dose-related neuropathic and anti-neuropathic effects of simvastatin in vincristine-induced neuropathic pain in rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About