Statistical Analysis of Bone Elements Excavated from the Forensic Context

Kim, Deog Im; Lee, Sang-Seob; Kim, Yi Suk

doi:10.11637/kjpa.2010.23.1.1

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The skull and pelvis are the most useful structures for determining sex [8]. When the skull and pelvis are either not present or fragmented, current practice uses morphological and metrical analysis of long bones to determine sex [2,[9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex determination using discriminant analysis of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur in Koreans

Kim

Kwak

Han

2013

Forensic Science International

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The femur is the largest bone in the human skeleton and is therefore the most likely to be of forensic value [3]. Kim et al [10] report that the femur is the most frequently excavated of the postcranial bones. Various studies have determined the sex from the femur based on this determination [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex determination using discriminant analysis of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur in Koreans

Kim

Kwak

Han

2013

Forensic Science International

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“…The pelvic bone expresses the most significant sexual dimorphism, followed by the bones of the skull. However, the cervical vertebrae and the teeth have been increasingly studied for sex estimation because large bones can be recovered fragmented, suffer more postmortem changes, and are more prone to damage in mass accidents or calcination in fire cases [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Sex Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of anatomy to forensic sex estimation: focus on head and neck bones

Mello-Gentil

Souza-Mello

2021

Forensic Sciences Research

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This study sought to provide an up-to-date review of the importance of anatomy to human identification, focusing on the usefulness of anatomical knowledge about the head and neck bones and teeth to sex estimation in routine forensic anthropology methods. A detailed search of osteology applications in forensic sex estimation was conducted through the electronic databases for the 10 years prior to July 2020. Relevant articles and classic literature on the subject were gathered and are outlined in this review. Among the available literature, several metric analyses showed accuracy superior to 80% in sexual diagnosis. Angles measured from the inclination of glabellae and analysis of the external frontal bone surface through three-dimensional computer-aided design emerge as reliable cranial indexes for sex estimation. in the mandible, the condylar and coronoid height, bigonial width, and coronion-gonion distance express significant sexual dimorphism. Measurements of the canine are the best option for sex estimation using teeth, as well as the thickness of the dentine or enamel of incisors. The axis vertebra surpasses other neck bones for sex estimation due to its atypical shape and the presence of the odontoid process. Metric analyses based on anatomy can provide reliable accuracy in sexual diagnosis. Adequate training and anatomical knowledge can reduce bias and interobserver differences, and the use of three-dimensional models and computed tomography images can enhance the accuracy of these methods for sex estimation. However, every method should be validated before being applied to a different population. KEY POINTS• Anatomy-based metric analyses can provide reliable accuracy in forensic sex estimation. • Glabellae inclination, external frontal bone surface, mandible, and canine teeth measurements can reach accuracies superior to 80% in sexual diagnosis.• The use of three-dimensional models and computed tomography images can enhance accuracy in sex estimation.• every method should be validated before being applied to a different population.

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“…The shape of the facial bone varies across races 5) ; therefore, the MS has various shapes and sizes 6) . As a result, forensic studies to identify the sex of individuals by examining the MS have been performed [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the field of forensics, the identification of sex based on the skeletal remains is important 7,18) . Sexual dimorphism is used to identify sex, with the hip and cranial bones being the current targets of sexual dimorphism assessments 8,9) . However, the assessment of sexual dimorphism may be difficult because of burial conditions and the pre- 10) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Determination Using a Discriminant Analysis of Maxillary Sinuses and Three-Dimensional Technology

et al. 2022

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Background: Sexual dimorphism is important for sex determination in the field of forensics. However, sexual dimorphism is commonly assessed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) rather than three-dimensional (3D) modeling software; therefore, studies using a more accurate measurement approach are necessary. This study assessed the sexual dimorphism of the MS using a 3D modeling program to obtain information that could contribute to the fields of surgery and forensics. Methods: The CBCT data of 60 patients (age, 20∼29 y; 30 males and 30 females) admitted to the Department of Orthodontics at the Dankook University School of Dentistry were provided in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format. The left MS and right MS were modeled based on the DICOM files using the Mimics (version 22; Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) 3D program and converted to stereolithography (STL) files used to measure the width, length, and height of the MS, infraorbital foramen (IOF), right MS, and left MS. The average of three repeated measurements was calculated, and a reliability test was performed to ensure data reliability (Cronbach's =0.618). A canonical discriminant analysis was performed using a standard approach (left: Box's M=0.096; right: Box's M=0.115). Results: Males had greater values for all parameters (MS width, MS length, MS height, IOF, right MS, left MS) than females. The discriminant analysis identified six independent variables (MS width, MS height, MS length, IOF, right MS, left MS) that could identify sex. The left MS and right MS correctly identified the sex of 81.7% and 71.7% of the patients, respectively, with the left MS having higher accuracy. Conclusion: This study confirmed that, for Korean individuals, the left MS has a better ability to identify sex than the right MS. These results may contribute to sex identification in the fields of surgery and forensics.

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Statistical Analysis of Bone Elements Excavated from the Forensic Context

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Sex determination using discriminant analysis of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur in Koreans

Sex determination using discriminant analysis of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur in Koreans

Contributions of anatomy to forensic sex estimation: focus on head and neck bones

Sex Determination Using a Discriminant Analysis of Maxillary Sinuses and Three-Dimensional Technology

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