Statistical Analysis of Bus Networks in India

Chatterjee, Atanu; Manohar, Manju; Ramadurai, Gitakrishnan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168478

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Small world property is an important characteristic in complex network theory, which indicates that any two nodes in a network can be accessed by a few number of links. In general, a small world network is characterized by a high clustering coefficient and a small shortest path length [41][42][43]. It is demonstrated that all scale-free networks are believed to display small-world properties [22].…”

Section: Small World Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Railway Network Dynamics in China from 2008 to 2017

Huang

Yang

et al. 2018

IJGI

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China’s high speed rail (HSR) network has been rapidly constructed and developed during the past 10 years. However, few studies have reported the spatiotemporal changes of railway network structures and how those structures have been affected by the operation of high speed rail systems in different periods. This paper analyzes the evolving network characteristics of China’s railway network during each of the four main stages of HSR development over a 10-year period. These four stages include Stage 1, when no HSR was in place prior to August 2008; Stage 2, when several HSR lines were put into operation between August 2008, and July 2011; Stage 3, when the network skeleton of most main HSR lines was put into place. This covered the period until January 2013. Finally, Stage 4 covers the deep intensification of several new HSR lines and the rapid development of intercity-HSR railway lines between January 2013, and July 2017. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the timetable-based statistical properties of China’s railway network, as well as the spatiotemporal patterns of the more than 2700 stations that have been affected by the opening of HSR lines and the corresponding policy changes. Generally, we find that the distribution of both degrees and strengths are characterized by scale-free patterns. In addition, the decreasing average path length and increasing network clustering coefficient indicate that the small world characteristic is more significant in the evolution of China’s railway network. Correlations between different network indices are explored, in order to further investigate the dynamics of China’s railway system. Overall, our study offers a new approach for assessing the growth and evolution of a real railway network based on train timetables. Our study can also be referenced by policymakers looking to adjust HSR operations and plan future HSR routes.

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Section: Small World Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Railway Network Dynamics in China from 2008 to 2017

Huang

Yang

et al. 2018

IJGI

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“…We see evidence of this in natural systems everywhere, from cardiovascular networks to cities [5,14]. In many such systems the scaling laws, which are generally power-law relations, f (y) ∼ y δ , define the scale-free properties of change, with δ being the scaling exponent [15,16,17,18]. Due to the presence of scaling relationships and powerlaw decays in the statistical properties of the networks, the importance of the respective nodes is non-uniform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exponential Self-Organization and Moore’s Law: Measures and Mechanisms

2017

Self Cite

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The question how complex systems become more organized and efficient with time is open. Examples are, the formation of elementary particles from pure energy, the formation of atoms from particles, the formation of stars and galaxies, the formation of molecules from atoms, of organisms, and of the society. In this sequence, order appears inside complex systems and randomness (entropy) is expelled to their surroundings. Key features of self-organizing systems are that they are open and they are far away from equilibrium, with increasing energy flowing through them. This work searches for global measures of such self-organizing systems, that are predictable and do not depend on the substrate of the system studied. Our results will help to understand the existence of complex systems and mechanisms of selforganization. In part we also provide insights, in this work, about the underlying physical essence of the Moore's law and the multiple logistic growth observed in technological progress.

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“…e preferential attachment can be observed everywhere and can be applied in the urban traffic networks modelling as normally for the representation method of dual approach. Many researches have shown that traffic networks are typically and theoretically scale-free [35,50,51] with dual approach rather than primal approach, with power-law distribution in log-log plot, and the degree distribution exponent has large effects on the performances of traffic network, and the distribution of urban traffic flows also following scale-free properties [52,53]. Zhang [54] proved that 50 extracted dual urban traffic networks of USA are following scale-free properties, and Kalapala et al [55] found that, with the dual representation, the degree distribution of the urban street networks can better fit with the power-law functions with…”

Section: Barabasi-albertmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Topology of Multilayer Urban Traffic Networks

et al. 2019

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Previous urban traffic network-based studies have been based mostly on single-layer networks. Based on their shortcomings, starting from the perspective of a multilayer urban traffic network, this paper takes the different anticongestion abilities and network characteristics of various network structures under the condition of traffic congestion as the research object. Then, a comparative experiment is performed via simulation, and the optimal multilayer urban traffic network topology is obtained under different conditions. It is found that these scale-free related multilayer networks have relatively strong ability to support more traffic flows and have higher anticongestion abilities, regardless of whether it is a lower-layer or upper-layer network. The research results are helpful to deepen our understanding of the characteristics of traffic network structures, help scholars further cognize the structural properties of multilayer urban traffic networks, practically help urban traffic network planners to further optimize the urban traffic network, and broaden the study of multilayer traffic networks.

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Statistical Analysis of Bus Networks in India

Cited by 37 publications

References 37 publications

Exploring Railway Network Dynamics in China from 2008 to 2017

Exploring Railway Network Dynamics in China from 2008 to 2017

Exponential Self-Organization and Moore’s Law: Measures and Mechanisms

Optimal Topology of Multilayer Urban Traffic Networks

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