Statistical analysis of corrosion failures in hearing aid devices from tropical regions

Yadav, Abhijeet; Gupta, Kapil Kumar; Ambat, Rajan; Christensen, Morten Løgstrup

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105758

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In a previous study, the failure analysis of HAs from tropical regions revealed a high failure rate of HA components due to KOH electrolytes and human sweat. [ 19 ] This study also showed that the failure rate was seasonal dependent, with the summer season accelerating the failure rate. Before this study, the literature related to the failure of HA devices focused on individual failure mechanisms without correlating the user conditions and place of use, although the amount of studies available on this topic is very limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

A comparative study on corrosion failure analysis of hearing aid devices from different markets

Yadav¹,

Ambat

2022

Materials & Corrosion

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The vulnerability of hearing aid devices to corrosion is critical due to their exposure to various kinds of ionic contaminants from the human body, such as sweat, sebum, and so forth, and harsh climatic conditions such as high temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pollutants. The device failure rate will vary depending upon the type of geographical location at which the device is used and root cause failure analysis is a crucial tool to understand the effect of geographical location on corrosion failures. In this study, field failed hearing aid devices from Europe, the United States, and Japan markets were investigated using a scanning electron microscope and elemental dispersive spectroscopy to locate failure mechanisms and causes. Information from the analysis was used for statistical analysis to compare the performance of the devices in the three markets based on failure percentage and failure probability for different parts and components. Solder terminals, battery contacts, light‐emitting diodes, and wireless‐link coil showed consistent and high failure probability across all three markets, whereas a higher failure rate for microphones was found in Europe and the United States market as compared to the Japanese market. The majority of the components corrosion failures occurred in the presence of high chloride ions from human sweat and the atmospheric conditions, whereas potassium hydroxide from the leakage of Zn–air battery was found as the additional cause for microphone failure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

A comparative study on corrosion failure analysis of hearing aid devices from different markets

Yadav¹,

Ambat

2022

Materials & Corrosion

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“…Suo X. et al [ 18 ], studied the corrosion properties of CrN coatings on aluminum alloy fabricated by magnetron sputtering through electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic measurement and salt spray tests, concluding that CrN coatings exhibited an excellent corrosion resistance on aluminum alloy, indicating that CrN could be a promising decorative and protective coating for equipment made of aluminum and exposed to corrosive environments, such as those addressed in the present paper. More recently, Abhijeet Yadav et al [ 19 ] studied the correlation between sweat and hearing aid device failure. They found out that corrosive media such as human sweat was the primary cause for corrosion failures in those devices, hearing aids, where a higher corrosion rate was shown in the summertime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Resistance in Artificial Perspiration of Cr-Based Decorative Coatings

et al. 2023

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We aim at developing hexavalent chromium-free coatings for frequently touched decorative parts. Cr(N,O) and multilayered CrN/CrO coatings were deposited by means of reactive magnetron sputtering. All samples presented good adhesion to the substrates enhanced by an epoxy layer designed to enhance PVD coating adhesion. Similar substrates are found in the automotive industry and can be used in appliances where a metallic finish is desired by the consumer. Corrosion behavior was induced, using artificial sweat to simulate long exposure to human touch for 96 h. In potentiodynamic polarization tests, the coatings were revealed to be nobler than the substrate alone. Cr displayed a non-existent passivation region, while gCrN exhibited a quick passivation of the surface and its respective breakdown and several current fluctuations, indicating the occurrence of pitting, which was confirmed by SEM micrography after the corrosion. Regarding EIS results, all films depicted a diminution of impedance modulus (|Z|) after 96 h, which indicates a diminution of corrosion resistance against artificial sweat. Nitride films exhibited the worst anticorrosive features. On the other hand, Cr and CrO exhibited the highest |Z| values. These results are corroborated by low the corrosion rates of both coatings. The equivalent electrical circuit allows us to confirm oxide formation in the outermost layer of the films due to electrolyte/surface interaction, indicating a self-protecting mechanism. Nitride films showed the lowest values and less corrosion resistance, confirming the results obtained in polarization potentiodynamic tests. The coatings developed in this work, namely Cr and CrO, showed a promising corrosion resistance behavior that could endure a lifetime of frequent human touch in various decorative applications either automotive or general appliances.

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“…Under the influence of corrosive agents such as humid air, temperature, chemicals, pollutants, salt vapor, etc., electrochemical corrosion occurs on electronic parts and components [1,2]. Corrosion to printed circuit boards (PCBs) of electronic equipment destroys the PCBs, affects working performance, and reduces the life and stability of equipment [3]. Economic losses caused by metal corrosion in 2013 were estimated at USD 2.5 trillion, accounting for 3.4% of total global GDP [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyalphaolefin Oil/MgO-20 Nanofluids Coating Shows Corrosion Resistance, High Moisture Resistance, and Water Resistance for Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Son,

Long,

Thanh

et al. 2023

Coatings

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The PAO/MgO nanofluids-based dielectric fluid DF(MgO-20) has significantly increased corrosion resistance as a coating. Electrochemical studies show that the DF(MgO-20) coating has protection efficiency of up to 99% for steel, copper, and aluminum. This coating is capable of providing corrosion protection for steel samples for up to 120 h in salt spray tests, and printed circuit boards (PCBs) for more than 20 days in salt spray tests in accordance with the ASTM B117 standard. The DF(MgO-20) coating fully meets the moisture resistance and fungal resistance standards required by the MIL-1-46058 C standard. The coating also demonstrates water displacement, meeting the requirements of the MIL-PRF-81309G standard. The DF(MgO-20) coating is able to protect electronic equipment working in underwater environment for up to 20 days. The aforementioned outstanding protection properties are achieved thanks to the nanofluid effect of the DF(MgO-20) dielectric fluid with the presence of MgO nano-additives that increase its overflow ability. The coating penetrates deeply and adheres tightly to the metal substrates, helping to separate them from moisturizing agents and corrosive agents. The research results aim to apply this coating to protect electronic equipment working in the tropical marine climate of Vietnam.

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Statistical analysis of corrosion failures in hearing aid devices from tropical regions

Cited by 12 publications

References 56 publications

A comparative study on corrosion failure analysis of hearing aid devices from different markets

A comparative study on corrosion failure analysis of hearing aid devices from different markets

Corrosion Resistance in Artificial Perspiration of Cr-Based Decorative Coatings

Polyalphaolefin Oil/MgO-20 Nanofluids Coating Shows Corrosion Resistance, High Moisture Resistance, and Water Resistance for Electrical and Electronic Equipment

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