I would first like to thank those who have directly been involved in the process leading to this Thesis, my supervisory team, Professor Kenneth Irvine, Dr. Peter Kelderman and Dr. Johannes van der Kwast. They contributed tremendously, both as supervisors and co-authors. Their continuous dedication to the subject and encouragement have had a vital influence on my development as a researcher and the emerging of this Thesis, and offered me the opportunity to turn the data-poor and limited opportunity of studying typical sub-Saharan environmental issues in the industrializing catchment of Kombolcha city into this PhD Thesis. Without the financial grant from the Netherlands Fellowship Programme (Nuffic), this Thesis would not have been realized, and I would like to give special thanks to the Netherland government. During my on-site studies in Kombolcha City, I received large field and data support from the Kombolcha Meteorological Directorate office, the Kombolcha Hydrology office and the Kombolcha City Administration office. The laboratory staff of IHE-Delft has been very helpful in the various laboratory analyses and procedures. I am especially grateful for the contribution of Mr. Fred Kruis, Mr. Ferdi Battes and Mr. Berend Lolkema. Perhaps the most direct assistance was given by those who helped me with the data acquisition in the field sites in Ethiopia. I want to extend my warm appreciation to Mr. Ali Seid, Mr. Beniam Getachew and Mr. Demissie Seid who were at times facing together the frightening lightening during rainstorms, snakes and thorns in the Kombolcha jungles and hyenas at night works. I enjoyed the help of MSc student Ahimed Seid from Ethiopia for collaborating in the analysis of sediment samples in IHE-Delft laboratory, The Netherlands. I also thank my employing organization, Wollo University, for their patience, encouragement and understanding to finish this Thesis. Finally, apart from their encouragement, my family has always offered me the necessary peaceful working environment at home during these years. In particular, I would like to mention my dear wife Abeba Teklie. Without her good care for my son (Eyuel) and daughters (Maramiawit and Arsemawit), I would certainly have been too much strained.