“…The fact that there are contradictions in a set, even if they are numerous, does not make it impossible to build a model. The properties of ductile iron have been repeatedly modeled with the use of soft mathematical models, but prediction models were usually used such as: multiple linear regression, artificial neural networks, support vector machine, projection pursuit regression (Kochański et al, 2012;Perzyk & Kochański, 2001;Perzyk et al, 2015;Rodríguez-Rosales et al, 2022;Wilk-Kołodziejczyk et al, 2018). Less frequently, work was undertaken on property modeling with the use of rule-creating tools based on the theory of fuzzy sets and decision trees (Kochański et al, 2013(Kochański et al, , 2014Perzyk & Soroczyński, 2008Perzyk et al, 2011).…”