“…With faster computers and more advanced image processing softwares, more representative CT or MRI-based musculoskeletal models (Sigal et al, 2009;Baldwin et al, 2010;Vahdati et al, 2014;Martelli et al, 2014;Simpleware Ltd., 2014) can be now readily generated for analysis and micromotions along the entire implant surface can be predicted (Pancanti et al, 2003;Andreaus et al, 2009;Park et al, 2009;Pettersen et al, 2009;Bah et al, 2011;Reimeringer et al, 2012;Fitzpatrick et al, 2014). In this respect, novel pre-clinical evaluation tools have been developed to: (a) enable the variability in patient geometry and bone quality using statistical shape modelling (Bryan et al, 2010;Blanc et al, 2012;Bah et al, 2013;Blanc et al, 2012;Rao et al, 2013;Fitzpatrick et al, 2014); (b) automatically assess the effects of implant positioning, loading, or bone-implant interface conditions for a specific patient (Abdul-Kadir et al, 2008;Bah et al, 2009;Dopico-González et al, 2010) or (c) evaluate and compare the robustness of existing implant designs (Sakai et al, 2008;Reimeringer et al, 2012;Fitzpatrick et al, 2014).…”