Statistical modeling of sulfuric acid leaching of TiO2 from red mud

Şayan, Enes; Bayramoǧlu, Mahmut

doi:10.1016/s0304-386x(00)00110-9

Cited by 70 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Generally, the leaching process is dependent on three or more factors, but in this particular study, only molarity, kinetics, and temperature will be considered [5,6]. Acid molarity provides the protons and SO 4 2-to the reaction; higher acidity increases the reaction rate in the system, while lower acidity decreases it.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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XRD and EDXRF Analysis of Anatase Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> Synthesized from Mineral Precursors

Mahdi

Shukor

Yusoff

et al. 2012

AMR

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Abstract. This work details the characterization of anatase nano-TiO 2 particles synthesized from Malaysian mineral precursors using the XRD and EDXRF. The properties that were analyzed were its crystallite sizes, relative crystallinity, phases, and chemical composition. It was determined that the crystallite size was quite small (15.6 nm), although the crystallinity of the sample is relatively low. The anatase phase seems to be dominant (100%), although in some cases when the processing parameters were changed or heat treatment were conducted, the existence of rutile is detected. The chemical composition showed that TiO 2 is the majority compound in the sample (~96%), although some metallic and non-metallic impurities are present (Zr, Nb, and S). It is concluded that Malaysian mineral precursors are capable of producing relatively high quality nano-TiO 2 .Introduction Titania (TiO 2 ) is a compound that is both familiar and abundant, having seen many applications in diverse areas such as pigmentations, cosmetics, coatings and water purification. This attribute is mainly due to the flexibility of titania as a compound, where it comprise of many unique phases and crystal systems that is responsible for its behavior in certain conditions.Titania comprises of eleven phases (some only exist in high pressure states), and four crystal systems (orthorhombic, monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic). Some common phases of titania are anatase (tetragonal), brookite (orthorhombic) and rutile (tetragonal). These phases occur naturally in minerals and are regularly extracted and separated from its ores. Sources of titania includes, but is not limited to, ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ), leucoxene ores, or rutile beach sand. Titania, as seen in its commercial form, is manufactured or processed from these sources using a myriad of methods, which includes the more common methods such as sol-gel method (widely used commercially), the hydrothermal and solvothermal methods, to the specialized and seldom used electrodeposition and the sonochemical method. The uniqueness of titania's attribute depends partly on its fabrication route, where we can see titania produced in different forms and shapes such as tubes (solvothermal) or rods (hydrothermal), segregated spheres (sol-gel), and smooth coatings (electrodeposition) when different fabrication methods are used.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite repetitive washing, impurities such as Zr, Nb and Fe remain in the product, as shown in Table 1. These impurities will usually embed themselves in the Ti-O matrix in the form of subsitutional impurities, altering properties such as mechanical strength, band gaps and reactivity [4][5][6]. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

XRD and EDXRF Analysis of Anatase Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> Synthesized from Mineral Precursors

Mahdi

Shukor

Yusoff

et al. 2012

AMR

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show abstract

“…The recreation of new bonds will release impurities that have embedded themselves in the Ti-O matrix, and will also simultaneously decrease the crystallite size of the product by recreating smaller matrices of Ti-O. Generally, the leaching process is dependent on molarity and temperature [13][14][15]. Acid molarity provides the protons and SO 4 2-to the reaction; higher acidity increases the reaction rate in the system, and vice versa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Titania Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Hydrothermal Method with Low Grade Mineral Precursors

Mahdi

Shukor

Meor

et al. 2012

JNanoR

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Abstract. The objective of this work is to utilize a low-grade synthetic rutile to produce high-grade titania nanoparticles. Due to the nature of the precursor, the hydrothermal method needs modification in order to accommodate the precursors and chemical reagents. The product will be characterized with the XRD (crystallite size and crystallinity), EDXRF (chemical composition), SEM (Morphology), N 2 adsorption-desorption (Surface Area) and UV-Vis-NIR. Results revealed a crystallite size of less than 20 nm, a surface area of 186.8 m 2 /g, a morphology that is a combination of agglomeration and particles, and an optical band gap of 3.23 eV. It is concluded that synthetic rutile is a viable precursor to produce high quality titania nanoparticles.

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“…In sulfate solutions, titanium formed electrically neutral and anionic complexes, since the SO 4 2− and HSO 4 − ions took part in complex formation. In sulfuric acid, species such as TiOSO 4, TiO-(SO 4 ) 2 2− and Ti(SO 4 ) 3 2− formed with increasing sulfate concentration and TiO(SO 4 ) 2 2− would predominate when the concentration of SO 4 2− rangeed from 0.5 to 10 mol/L. Thus, in this study, we believed that titanium(IV) ions would exist as TiO(SO 4 ) 2 2− .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 72%

The Separation and Concentration of Titanium(IV) from Sulfuric Acid Solution with Trioctylamine

Wang

Jiang

Fan

et al. 2012

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This paper presents research on separating and concentrating titanium(IV) from aqueous sulfuric acid solution, using trioctylamine (TOA) as extractant and kerosene as a diluent. We investigated the effects of reaction time, temperature, sulfuric acid concentration, organic/aqueous phase ratio, TOA concentration, and titanium concentration on the removal efficiency of titanium(IV). The results show that it is possible to recover over 99% of titanium(IV) after 15 min reaction time by TOA from the sulfuric acid solution under the optimum operation conditions and the loading capacity of TOA for titanium(IV) is 30 g Ti(IV)/100 g TOA. We expect that results studied would be applicable to separate and concentrate titanium from secondary sources such as red mud produced in the aluminum/alumina industry.

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Statistical modeling of sulfuric acid leaching of TiO2 from red mud

Cited by 70 publications

References 3 publications

XRD and EDXRF Analysis of Anatase Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> Synthesized from Mineral Precursors

XRD and EDXRF Analysis of Anatase Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> Synthesized from Mineral Precursors

Characterization of Titania Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Hydrothermal Method with Low Grade Mineral Precursors

The Separation and Concentration of Titanium(IV) from Sulfuric Acid Solution with Trioctylamine

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