Statistical nature of secondary electron emission

Newson, D. M.; Kadokura, R.; Brawley, S. J.; Shipman, M.; Laricchia, G.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2023.01.008

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2024

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“…Besides those produced upon impact with the cone, SE are also generated from 𝑒 + impacting the grids, that are then accelerated into the cone at increasing energies as |𝑉 R4 | is reduced. The detection efficiency is related to the SE yield from the cone, which for a range of materials has been found to follow a log-normal distribution [26], and rises sharply as 𝐸 + increases. SE generated at R4 are always accelerated towards the CEM because the cone is positive with respect to R4, thus contributing to the non-zero offset in 𝜀 𝑑 + .…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of low-energy charged particles by channel electron multipliers

et al. 2022

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Experimental determinations of the detection efficiency for positrons impacting a channel electron multiplier with incident energies between 0–1400 eV are presented. A log-normal dependence with energy is established and used to compute the positron-to-positronium detection efficiency ratio as a function of positronium energy, as required for determining quantities involving the ratio of positron and positronium rates. A log-normal energy-dependence is also observed in results of previous work with electrons, protons and ions.

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%