Statistical Optimization of Lipid Extraction from Wastewater Scum Sludge and Saponifiable Lipids Composition Analysis

Ibrahim, Samir N. Hag

doi:10.11648/j.sjee.20170502.12

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Since the FFA content of SS was as high as 38.5%, an alkaline catalyst was not suitable for biodiesel production. The low biodiesel conversion, even with the acid catalyst, may be due to the high level of polar lipids and unsaponifiable chemicals, such as hydrocarbon, sterols, and waxes in the extracted SS lipids [23,34,35]. A previous study reported that the amount of unsaponifiable chemicals accounted for 28% of SS lipids [35], which conformed with the value obtained in the present study (21.6%).…”

Section: Biodiesel Production Using Lipids From a Single Feedstocksupporting

confidence: 91%

Enhancing Biodiesel Production from Microalgae and Sewage Sludge Lipids by Adding Waste Coffee Ground Lipids

Go,

Yeom

2023

KSBB

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The free fatty acid (FFA) content in the feedstock lipids of microalgae (MA), sewage sludge (SS), and waste coffee grounds (WCGs) were 7.6%, 38.5%, and 1.7%, respectively. For a single feedstock lipid, the maximum biodiesel conversion was about 70% for MA lipids using acid or alkaline catalysts, 29.6% for SS lipids using acid catalysts, and 93.5% for WCG lipids using alkaline catalysts. For a mixture of MA and SS lipids, the maximum biodiesel conversion was only 38.6% in the experimental range tested. In contrast, for mixtures of WCG and MA lipids and WCG and SS lipids, where WCG lipids accounted for three-fourth of the mixtures, the biodiesel conversions using an alkaline catalyst were 89.5% and 70.0%, respectively. When MA, SS, and WCG lipids were mixed in equal proportions, 71.8% biodiesel conversion was obtained with 3.0 wt% of an alkaline catalyst. This study shows that WCG lipids, when used with lipids having high FFA content, are crucial for improving the conversion of lipids into biodiesel. In addition, by manipulating the proportion of WCG lipids in the mixture, we were able to use an alkaline catalyst, which has several advantages over an acid catalyst, to produce biodiesel at a relatively high biodiesel conversion.

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Section: Biodiesel Production Using Lipids From a Single Feedstocksupporting

confidence: 91%

Enhancing Biodiesel Production from Microalgae and Sewage Sludge Lipids by Adding Waste Coffee Ground Lipids

Go,

Yeom

2023

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Multifaceted Impact of Lipid Extraction on the Characteristics of Polymer-Based Sewage Sludge towards Sustainable Sludge Management

Khalil,

Lajulliadi,

Abedin

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Dewatered sludge (DS) is a sewage sludge with a unique property due to extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and polymer flocculants. These components form a stable 3D polymer network to increase dewatering efficiency, leaving behind valuable materials such as lipids. This article explored the influences of DS particle size on lipid yield and the effects of extraction on the chemical, morphological, and thermal properties of the residual dewatered sludge (RDS). Lipid yields with unimodal distribution were observed across the particle size ranges (<0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–2.0, 2.0–4.0, and 4.0 mm). The highest lipid yield of 1.95% was extracted from 1.0–2.0 mm after 4 h at 70 °C and 0.1 g/mL sludge-to-solvent ratio. Efficiency was influenced by the DS’s morphology, facilitating solvent infiltration and pore diffusion. The extraction process reduced water and organic fractions, resulting in higher thermal stability. Bibliometric analysis of “extraction*” and “sewage sludge” shows increasing research interest from 1973 to 2024. Five research clusters were observed: heavy metal speciation and stabilization, sludge and its bioavailability, extraction techniques and resource recovery, contaminants remediation, as well as phosphorus recovery and agricultural applications. These clusters highlight the diverse approaches to researching DS and RDS while promoting sustainable waste management.

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Statistical Optimization of Lipid Extraction from Wastewater Scum Sludge and Saponifiable Lipids Composition Analysis

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Enhancing Biodiesel Production from Microalgae and Sewage Sludge Lipids by Adding Waste Coffee Ground Lipids

Enhancing Biodiesel Production from Microalgae and Sewage Sludge Lipids by Adding Waste Coffee Ground Lipids

Multifaceted Impact of Lipid Extraction on the Characteristics of Polymer-Based Sewage Sludge towards Sustainable Sludge Management

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