Statistical optimization of the synthesis of plant-derived fatty acid esters of TMP over homogeneous organometallic tin catalyst

Abstract

A class of very important industrial-grade biolubricants was synthesized from plant-derived fatty acids (oleic and isostearic acid) by direct esterification of trimethylolpropane according to novel effective and high selective method using Sn bis(2-ethylhexanoate) as catalyst. Model transesterification reactions were performed with oleic and isostearic acids to optimize the reaction conditions to obtain maximum content of TMP triesters. Used specific homogeneous Sn catalyst allows to obtain TMP esters with very high content of triesters, above of 94 wt% without deep vacuum purifying distillation. Both TMP esters were evaluated for their physicochemical and tribological properties using ASTM standards. Both TMP esters exhibited high viscosity indexes and excellent low temperature properties.

Excellent Properties of Dimer Fatty Acid Esters as Biolubricant Produced by Catalyst‐ and Solvent‐Free Esterification

“…In our preliminary study, we carried out solvent‐free esterification of dimer acid and 1‐octanol (mole ratio 1:2) catalyzed by tin(II) oxalate (1 wt%) by heating at 200 °C for 7 h. We employed tin(II) salt as the Lewis acid catalyst as it is a stable solid, highly tolerant to water, easily handled, less corrosive, inexpensive, and accessible commercial Lewis acid catalysts, and have shown high activity on esterification reactions . Due to these properties, the use of organotin as a potential catalyst to produce esters for biodiesel, lubricant, and alkyd resin has become a new interest. In addition, this tin‐based catalyst is found to be efficient in solvent‐free reaction conditions …”

Green Synthesis and Property Analysis of Biolubricants Based on Structural Variations

“…The FTIR spectra of T-IS, T-IO, T-OA, G-IO, G-OA, and OA are side by side compared in Figure . While the peak of CO stretching for the carboxylic acid group in OA is seen at 1710 cm –1 , the absorption peaks of CO for the ester groups in T-IS, T-IO, T-OA, G-IO, and G-OA occur at 1741–1744 cm –1 . , The stretching bands of C–O for the ester groups in the synthesized triesters are observed at 1155–1162 cm –1 , which is absent from the OA spectra. This demonstrates that all T-IS, T-IO, T-OA, G-IO, and G-OA formed ester molecules.…”

Tribological properties of trimethylolpropane oleate synthesized through esterification reaction with nano-MoS2 catalysts of different shapes

“…In recent years, the transesterification reaction has also received attention in the synthesis of TMPTO. Trimethylolpropane, methanol and plant oil were used as raw materials to obtain TMPTO by the transesterification method (Nowicki et al , 2018). However, the synthesis of TMPTO by transesterification had a low yield, a complicated process and a troublesome subsequent treatment.…”