Statistical Properties of Generalized Gini Coefficient with Application to Health Inequality Measurement

Lai, Dejian; Huang, J. S.; Risser, Jan M. H.; Kapadia, Asha S.

doi:10.1007/s11205-007-9170-y

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Policy makers need to be informed about the nature of health discrepancies measured by various health inequality indices before they propose approaches to reduce existing inequalities for improving people's lives [10]. The present paper aims to: (1) assess the health status of the 31 provinces and territories in China; (2) measure the degree of regional inequality in health; and (3) identify the determinants of regional inequality in health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional inequality in health and its determinants: Evidence from China

et al. 2010

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional inequality in health and its determinants: Evidence from China

et al. 2010

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“…These problems seem more considerable in developing countries due to poor registration, collection, preservation, and analysis of data for planning in health care systems. Therefore, geographical equity and equity in distribution of health resources need to be emphasized as a public health index ( 33 ). One of the main reasons for lack of Ob/Gyn specialists in the province level is limited admission of students in Ob/Gyn specialty in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of regional disparity of obstetrics and gynecologic services with children and infants mortality rates: A cross-sectional study

Tourani

Zarezadeh

Raadabadi

et al. 2017

IJRM

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Background:Equity in distribution of resources is considered as an important priority in health care systems. Equitable distribution of obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) services in the country level is critical in maternal and neonatal health for qualitative promotion of maternal care in pregnancy, delivery, and post-delivery periods.Objective:The present study aimed at determining regional disparity of obstetrics and gynecology services and its association with children and infants mortality rates.Materials and Methods:This was a descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2015 to investigate distribution of Ob/Gyn services using three indicators of number of nursing and midwifery personnel, total Ob/Gyn specialists, and total delivery beds among 30 provinces of the country. Equity criteria in the present study included population, normal vaginal deliveries, cesarean sections, and total deliveries. Data were gathered using a researcher-made form and Stata 12 was used to calculate Gini coefficient. The association of Ob/Gyn services with children and infant mortality rates was investigated using SPSS package and linear regression test.Results:The lowest Gini coefficient was observed in distribution of nursing and midwifery personnel in delivery wards in terms of vaginal delivery (0.38 from 1) and the highest value was related to distribution of Ob/Gyn specialists in terms of vaginal delivery (0.73 from 1). Infant mortality was significantly associated with number of nursing and midwifery personnel in delivery wards, and total number of Ob/Gyn specialists. Conclusion:Considering new population policies in Iran and increased fertility rate, it is recommended to facilitate accessibility of the required services for the women, particularly those of reproductive age.

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“…Although an approach to calculating a confidence interval for the Gini index (the basis for the PA value) has been proposed, it is not yet fully vetted by the research community and remains controversial. [21][22][23] The lack of confidence intervals has not stopped researchers from using the Gini index to compare alternative income distributions, so there is no reason to let the same limitation discourage the use of this Gini-like index in the comparison of funding allocations. Another limitation is that it does not provide an indication of the statespecific direction of effects; for example, adjustors that have counterbalancing effects on state-specific allocations can result in comparable PA values.…”

Section: • Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference Allocations and Use of a Disparity Measure to Inform the Design of Allocation Funding Formulas in Public Health Programs

Buehler

Bernet

Ogden

2012

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

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Funding formulas are commonly used by federal agencies to allocate program funds to states. As one approach to evaluating differences in allocations resulting from alternative formula calculations, we propose the use of a measure derived from the Gini index to summarize differences in allocations relative to 2 referent allocations: one based on equal per-capita funding across states and another based on equal funding per person living in poverty, which we define as the "proportionality of allocation" (PA). These referents reflect underlying values that often shape formula-based allocations for public health programs. The size of state populations serves as a general proxy for the amount of funding needed to support programs across states. While the size of state populations living in poverty is correlated with overall population size, allocations based on states' shares of the national population living in poverty reflect variations in funding need shaped by the association between poverty and multiple adverse health outcomes. The PA measure is a summary of the degree of dispersion in state-specific allocations relative to the referent allocations and provides a quick assessment of the impact of selecting alternative funding formula designs. We illustrate the PA values by adjusting a sample allocation, using various measures of the salary costs and in-state wealth, which might modulate states' needs for federal funding.

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Statistical Properties of Generalized Gini Coefficient with Application to Health Inequality Measurement

Abstract: Gini coefficient, Health inequality, Simulation, Statistical analysis,

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Regional inequality in health and its determinants: Evidence from China

Regional inequality in health and its determinants: Evidence from China

Association of regional disparity of obstetrics and gynecologic services with children and infants mortality rates: A cross-sectional study

Reference Allocations and Use of a Disparity Measure to Inform the Design of Allocation Funding Formulas in Public Health Programs

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