Statistical Properties of the Quantum Internet

Brito, Samuraí; Canabarro, Askery; Chaves, Rafael; Cavalcanti, Daniel

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.210501

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Therefore, a quantum network 5 that enables entanglement [6][7][8] establishment is important for achieving the promised quantum advantages. The study of entanglement formation and quantum information scrambling has been fruitful in complex systems such as random quantum networks [9][10][11] , and circuits [12][13][14][15][16] , many-body systems [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] , quantum graphs [27][28][29] , models of holography [30][31][32][33] , and quantum gravity [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] . Universal scaling laws and dynamical models of entanglement formation has been established, based on nonlinear surface growth models 12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entanglement formation in continuous-variable random quantum networks

Zhang

Zhuang

2021

npj Quantum Inf

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Entanglement is not only important for understanding the fundamental properties of many-body systems, but also the crucial resource enabling quantum advantages in practical information processing tasks. Although previous works on quantum networks focus on discrete-variable systems, light—as the only traveling carrier of quantum information in a network—is bosonic and thus requires a continuous-variable description. We extend the study to continuous-variable quantum networks. By mapping the ensemble-averaged entanglement dynamics on an arbitrary network to a random-walk process on a graph, we are able to exactly solve the entanglement dynamics. We identify squeezing as the source of entanglement generation, which triggers a diffusive spread of entanglement with a "parabolic light cone”. A surprising linear superposition law in the entanglement growth is predicted by the theory and numerically verified, despite the nonlinear nature of the entanglement dynamics. The equilibrium entanglement distribution (Page curves) is exactly solved and has various shapes depending on the average squeezing density and strength.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entanglement formation in continuous-variable random quantum networks

Zhang

Zhuang

2021

npj Quantum Inf

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“…Similar with classical network, a developed quantum network inevitably has nodes with long distance between them and complex structure supporting advanced functions. Several theoretical investigations have been carried out to estimate the performance of existent quantum repeater protocol aiming at long-distance entanglement distribution and how to design new protocol to distributing entanglement in complex network topologies [68,229,230].…”

Section: Quantum Repeater Architecture and Performance Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards real-world quantum networks: a review

Wei,

Jing,

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Quantum networks play an extremely important role in quantum information science, with application to quantum communication, computation, metrology and fundamental tests. One of the key challenges for implementing a quantum network is to distribute entangled flying qubits to spatially separated nodes, at which quantum interfaces or transducers map the entanglement onto stationary qubits. The stationary qubits at the separated nodes constitute quantum memories realized in matter while the flying qubits constitute quantum channels realized in photons. Dedicated efforts around the world for more than twenty years have resulted in both major theoretical and experimental progress towards entangling quantum nodes and ultimately building a global quantum network. Here, we review the development of quantum networks and the experimental progress over the past two decades leading to the current state of the art for generating entanglement of quantum nodes based on various physical systems such as single atoms, cold atomic ensembles, trapped ions, diamonds with Nitrogen-Vacancy centers, solid-state host doped with rare-earth ions, etc. Along the way we discuss the merits and compare the potential of each of these systems towards realizing a quantum network.

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“…Similar to the classical WS operation, the connected edges in the network are converted to maximally entangled state with a certain probability, and the connected edges (maximally entangled state) can be established between any two nodes in the connected cluster through entanglement swapping [3]. Before quantum percolation, quantum preprocessing will be performed [8,9], and the basic operation of quantum preprocessing is q-swap [10], which performs an entanglement swapping on nodes with a degree of q in the network (shown in Figure 3). If an edge |ϕ has already undergone an entanglement swapping, then the newly generated edge is no longer |ϕ , so it cannot participate in the swapping operation again.…”

Section: Percolation In Small-world Quantum Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percolation Distribution in Small-World Quantum Networks

2022

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Quantum networks have good prospects for applications in the future. Compared with classical networks, small-world quantum networks have some interesting properties. The topology of the network can be changed through entanglement exchange operations, and different network topologies will result in different percolation thresholds when performing entanglement percolation. A lower percolation threshold means that quantum networks require fewer minimum resources for communication. Since a shared singlet between two nodes can still be a limitation, concurrency percolation theory (ConPT) can be used to relax the condition. In this paper, we investigate how entanglement distribution is performed in small-world quantum networks to ensure that nodes in the network can communicate with each other by establishing communication links through entanglement swapping. Any node can perform entanglement swapping on only part of the connected edges, which can reduce the influence of each node in the network during entanglement swapping. In addition, the ConPT method is used to reduce the percolation threshold even further, thus obtaining a better network structure and reducing the resources required.

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Statistical Properties of the Quantum Internet

Cited by 46 publications

References 46 publications

Entanglement formation in continuous-variable random quantum networks

Entanglement formation in continuous-variable random quantum networks

Towards real-world quantum networks: a review

Percolation Distribution in Small-World Quantum Networks

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