Statistical Response Models for Ozone Exposure: Their Generality when Applied to Human Spirometric and Animal Permeability Functions of the Lung

Abstract

Exposure of humans or animals to ozone (O 3 ) alters spirometric and permeability functions of the lung. While these responses show clear concentration (C) dependency, the interactive role of exposure duration (T) has not been well defined. Ozone-induced alterations in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV a ) obtained from human studies and in levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein (BALP) obtained from studies of rats and guinea pigs were used to compare the utility of several proposed response models as functions of C and T. A large human-study database compiled for T = 2 h and a wide-ranging C and T study on animals were used to contrast each model. The models examined included the quadratic, logistic, log regression, and exponential models. This work suggests that models used for risk assessment should incorporate both T and C. Our results suggest that modified forms of many of these models perform well with both human and animal responses and can be additionally modified to include ventilation rate. As a simple biological model, the exponential model showed advantages. The absolute concentration rates-of-change in the exponential function of integrated physiological changes like BALP and FEVj were equal for low O 3 exposure.

Characteristics of Surface Ozone Concentrations at Stations with Different Backgrounds in the Malaysian Peninsula

“…It is also regarded as a crucial air pollutant in the atmosphere because O 3 is capable of causing damage to human health via respiratory disease (Ho et al, 2007;Karakatsani et al, 2010;Neidell and Kinney, 2010;Mills et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2012). In addition, exposure to O 3 can lead to a decrease in lung function (Highfill and Costa, 1995). High concentrations of surface ozone also affect vegetation and forests due to the phytotoxic nature of O 3 .…”