Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences 2005
DOI: 10.1002/0470848944.hsa008
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Statistical Upscaling and Downscaling in Hydrology

Abstract: Upscaling and downscaling methods are needed to transfer information from small‐scale data to large‐scale predictions and vice versa. There are two types of methods; methods focusing on how the equations and parameters of dynamic models change with scale, which are treated in other articles of this Encyclopedia, and methods focusing on how to best represent variability statistically, which is the subject of this article. This article gives a brief overview of scale concepts and illustrates first‐order effects … Show more

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Cited by 21 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…Dynamical downscaling approaches consist of nesting a regional climate model (RCM) into the GCM to represent more accurately surface topography and other land surface characteristics, and yield a better approximation of the atmospheric energy-cascade including the formation of precipitating systems, fronts and rainbands. An alternative is statistical downscaling where relationships are established between one or more large-scale variables provided by the GCMs (predictors, such as pressure) and the observed local surface variables (predictands, such as precipitation) (Wilby et al, 1998;Giorgi and Mearns, 1999;Wood et al, 2004;Blöschl, 2005;Chen et al, 2011). In addition, combinations of the two approaches are possible.…”
Section: (I) Atmospheric Modelling and Downscalingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Dynamical downscaling approaches consist of nesting a regional climate model (RCM) into the GCM to represent more accurately surface topography and other land surface characteristics, and yield a better approximation of the atmospheric energy-cascade including the formation of precipitating systems, fronts and rainbands. An alternative is statistical downscaling where relationships are established between one or more large-scale variables provided by the GCMs (predictors, such as pressure) and the observed local surface variables (predictands, such as precipitation) (Wilby et al, 1998;Giorgi and Mearns, 1999;Wood et al, 2004;Blöschl, 2005;Chen et al, 2011). In addition, combinations of the two approaches are possible.…”
Section: (I) Atmospheric Modelling and Downscalingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hydrological sensitivity to climate has mostly been studied through model sensitivity. Downscaling methods can be used to relate the output of atmospheric global circulation models to local rainfall characteristics (Blöschl, 2005). Alternatively, local and regional climate characteristics can be related on the basis of long historic records and these can be used for impact studies.…”
Section: Transitional Climate Regimesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…La reducción de escala (en inglés: "downscaling") se realiza cuando la información se transfiere hacia un nivel de detalle superior; cuando la información a nivel de detalle se agrega por algún método lineal o no-lineal y se hace disponible a un nivel de menor detalle, se está realizando una ampliación de escala (en inglés: "upscaling") (Blöschl, 2005b;Bronstert et al, 2010). Hay dos clases de métodos que permiten realizar escalado por ampliación o reducción.…”
Section: Conceptos De Escala Y Escalado En Hidrologíaunclassified
“…Para un modelo hidrológico espacialmente distribuido, la extensión es el tamaño de la cuenca, el espaciamiento es la separación entre elementos de modelación y el soporte es el tamaño de la celda. Blöschl (2005b) afirma que los diferentes tipos de escalado por ampliación o reducción de la escala dependen de qué rasgo de la escala va a cambiar (extensión, espaciamiento o soporte). El escalado en términos de la "extensión" se refiere a una extrapolación o su inverso (selección de una subregión); el escalado en términos del "espaciamiento" implica una interpolación o su inverso (un muestreo) y el escalado en términos del "soporte" implica una agregación o una desagregación.…”
Section: Figura 2-1 Descripción De Los Tres Rasgos De La Escala (Sopunclassified
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