Statistically Optimum HKUST-1 Synthesized by Room Temperature Coordination Modulation Method for the Adsorption of Crystal Violet Dye

Abstract

Due to its excellency and versatility, many synthesis methods and conditions were developed to produce HKUST-1 ([Cu3(BTC)2(H2O)3]n). However, the diversity of HKUST-1 was actually generated both in terms of characteristics and morphologies. Hence, the consistency of HKUST-1 characteristics and morphologies needs to be maintained. The statistical analysis and optimization provide features to determine the best synthesis condition. Here, a room-temperature coordination modulation method was proposed to maintain the morphology of HKUST-1 while reducing energy consumption. In addition, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to demonstrate the statistical analysis and optimization of the synthesis of HKUST-1. The molar ratio of ligand to metal, reaction time, and acetic acid concentration were studied to determine their effects on HKUST-1. The optimum HKUST-1 was obtained by the synthesis with a molar ratio of ligand to metal of 0.4703 for 27.2 h using 5% v/v acetic acid concentration. The statistical analysis performed a good agreement with the experimental data and showed the significance of three desired parameters on HKUST-1. The optimum HKUST-1 had the adsorption capacity of 1005.22 mg/g with a removal efficiency of 92.31% towards CV dye. It could be reused up to 5 cycles with insignificant decrease in performance.

A resistant and stable HKUST@MC composite for highly efficient gas adsorptive desulfurization

“…These results are in agreement with those reported in the literature. 38,59–61 The presence of binders was confirmed by their characteristic signals. A weak band at 1043 cm −1 , characteristic of the C–O–C stretching mode of cellulose ethers, 62,63 is observed in the HKUST@MC spectrum with a slight shift in relation to the spectrum of the pure binder (1053 cm −1 ), which can be explained as due to the interactions between the binder and the MOF.…”

“…The HKUST-1 characteristic peaks at 2 θ = 6.9°, 9.5°, 11.6°, 13.4°, 17.5°, and 19.0° are present for all samples. 38,57–59…”

PEGylation of a shell over core–shell MOFs—a novel strategy for preventing agglomeration and synergism in terms of physicochemical and biological properties

“…22 The strong peak observed at 1453 cm À1 was associated with the aromatic CQC stretching vibration. 23 The band at 1115 cm À1 corresponded to OC-OH stretching. 24 Cu-O stretching was observed at 728 cm À1 , which indicated that oxygen was coordinated to the center of copper metal.…”

On the HKUST-1/GO and HKUST-1/rGO Composites: The Impact of Synthesis Method on Physicochemical Properties

“…However, there is often a discrepancy between different reports on the same MOF structures, which usually arises from different synthesis parameters. For example, the stability of the HKUST-1 framework to 250 °C was reported in [ 10 ] and to 310–330 °C in [ 11 ]. In addition, the prolonged exposition to increased temperature (but in the theoretical range of MOF stability) may result in the slow decomposition of the linker molecules, and finally, the collapse of the framework.…”