Statistics Notes: Diagnostic tests 1: sensitivity and specificity

Altman, Douglas G.; Bland, J. M.

doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6943.1552

Cited by 1,753 publications

(1,174 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

1,130

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…1,15 The sensitivity and specificity 16 as well as the positive and negative predictive values 17 were calculated using each observed level of the urinalysis and the urine protein-creatinine ratio as the threshold for a positive test with the 24-h collection as the reference standard. Differences in selected sensitivities and specificities were examined using the McNemar's test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinalysis vs urine protein–creatinine ratio to predict significant proteinuria in pregnancy

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To compare the urine protein-creatinine ratio with urinalysis to predict significant proteinuria (X300 mg per day).Study Design: A total of 116 paired spot urine samples and 24-h urine collections were obtained prospectively from women at risk for preeclampsia. Urine protein-creatinine ratio and urinalysis were compared to the 24-h urine collection.Result: The urine protein-creatinine ratio had better discriminatory power than urinalysis: the receiver operating characteristic curve had a greater area under the curve, 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83 to 0.95) vs 0.71 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.77, P<0.001). When matched for clinically relevant specificity, urine protein-creatinine ratio (cutoff X0.28) is more sensitive than urinalysis (cutoff X1 þ ): 66 vs 41%, P ¼ 0.001 (with 95 and 100% specificity, respectively). Furthermore, the urine protein-creatinine ratio predicted the absence or presence of proteinuria in 64% of patients; urinalysis predicted this in only 19%. Conclusion:The urine protein-creatinine ratio is a better screening test. It provides early information for more patients.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinalysis vs urine protein–creatinine ratio to predict significant proteinuria in pregnancy

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Following a final step of clinical assessment at surgery, 12 of the 32 malignant tumours were removed by ECD rather than SP (a clinical diagnostic error rate of 1.8%). This equates to a test sensitivity of 93% and a positive predictive value of 95% (Altman and Bland, 1994). In theory, if clinical assessment is supplemented with fine needle aspiration cytology (McGurk and Hussain, 1997), these predictive values may increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracapsular dissection for clinically benign parotid lumps: reduced morbidity without oncological compromise

McGurk¹,

Thomas²,

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous studies have shown that extracapsular dissection (ECD) is an alternative approach to superficial parotidectomy (SP) for pleomorphic adenoma parotid tumours, associated with low recurrence rates equal to those following SP, but with significantly reduced morbidity. However, if a malignant tumour masquerades as a clinically benign lump, this approach may be inappropriate. This study addressed this question by analysing the outcome of 821 consecutive patients with parotid tumours treated at one centre over 40 years and with a median 12 (range 5 -30) years follow-up. Tumours were classified as 'simple' (discrete, mobile, o 4 cm: n ¼ 662) and 'complex' (deep, fixed, facial nerve palsy, X4 cm: n ¼ 159). Among the 'simple' or clinically benign tumours, 503 patients underwent ECD; 159 patients underwent SP. In all, 32 (5%) clinically benign cases were subsequently revealed as malignant histologies (ECD, 12; SP, 20). For each group, 5-and 10-year cancer-specific survival rates were 100 and 98%, respectively. There were no differences in recurrence rates when subanalysed by surgical groups, but ECD was associated with significantly reduced morbidity (P o 0.001). This study demonstrates that ECD is a viable alternative to superficial parotidectomy for the majority of parotid tumours, associated with reduced morbidity without oncological compromise.

show abstract

“…Figures 1d and e show the results of the miR-330 and E2F1 levels in a total of 25 clinical specimens examined. To define the high or low expression level of miR-330 and E2F1 within all 25 samples, we conducted a sensitivity analysis (Altman and Bland, 1994) using different thresholds by level incremental of 10 from 10 to 270 for miR-330, and incremental of 1 from 1 to 25 for E2F1, respectively. The best cutoff threshold value of miR-330 expression was thus identified as 90, which resulted in sensitivity and specificity of 0.64 and 0.57, respectively.…”

Section: Mir-330 Levels Inversely Correlate With E2f1 Protein Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA-330 acts as tumor suppressor and induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through E2F1-mediated suppression of Akt phosphorylation

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) make up a novel class of gene regulators; they function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors by targeting tumor-suppressor genes or oncogenes. A recent study that analysed a large number of human cancer cell lines showed that miR-330 is a potential tumorsuppressor gene. However, the function and molecular mechanism of miR-330 in determining the aggressiveness of human prostate cancer has not been studied. Here, we show that miR-330 is significantly lower expressed in human prostate cancer cell lines than in nontumorigenic prostate epithelial cells. Bioinformatics analyses reveal a conserved target site for miR-330 in the 3 0 -untranslated region (UTR) of E2F1 at nucleotides 1018-1024. MiR-330 significantly suppressed the activity of a luciferase reporter containing the E2F1-3 0 -UTR in the cells. This activity could be abolished with the transfection of anti-miR-330 or mutated E2F1-3 0 -UTR. In addition, the expression level of miR-330 and E2F1 was inversely correlated in cell lines and prostate cancer specimens. After overexpressing of miR-330 in PC-3 cells, cell growth was suppressed by reducing E2F1-mediated Akt phosphorylation and thereby inducing apoptosis. Collectively, this is the first study to show that E2F1 is negatively regulated by miR-330 and also show that miR-330 induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells through E2F1-mediated suppression of Akt phosphorylation.

show abstract

Statistics Notes: Diagnostic tests 1: sensitivity and specificity

Cited by 1,753 publications

References 0 publications

Urinalysis vs urine protein–creatinine ratio to predict significant proteinuria in pregnancy

Urinalysis vs urine protein–creatinine ratio to predict significant proteinuria in pregnancy

Extracapsular dissection for clinically benign parotid lumps: reduced morbidity without oncological compromise

MicroRNA-330 acts as tumor suppressor and induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through E2F1-mediated suppression of Akt phosphorylation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About