Statistics to Measure Offshoring and its Impact

Feenstra, Robert C.

doi:10.3386/w23067

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Several contributions (Diakantoni and Escaith 2012;Rouzet and Miroudot 2013;Chen et al 2016) consider multiple border crossings in the traditional definition of the effective protection rate. More recently, Feenstra (2017) and Diakantoni et al (2017) extend the concept of effective protection to reflect the impact of import tariffs on the foreign value added in an industry's exports.…”

Section: Eu Trade Policy and Tariff Indexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of import tariff costs for Italian exporting firms

2020

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Since production and trade are increasingly organized within global value chains (GVCs), assessing who effectively pays the cost of protection is not straightforward and since productive processes are internationally fragmented, quantifying the effects of trade policy requires an enhanced analytical framework that takes international input–output linkages into account to assess the implications trade costs have on competitiveness at national and sector levels. This paper defines a new synthetic measure of trade protection based on the value added in trade, capturing the effects that the tariff structure has on exporting firms that rely on imported intermediate inputs. The index, defined in a general equilibrium framework, provides a theoretically sound protection measurement in the context of GVCs. We assess trade protection by computing protection indexes at the bilateral level on both gross imports and imports to exports using the Global Trade Analysis Project computable general equilibrium model. These indexes are used to investigate the relationship between the European Union tariffs and integration of the Italian GVCs. In the case of Italy, imports to exports are overall less protected than gross imports with significant differences at the sector level. Despite the low levels of nominal protection, industrial sectors play a central role in explaining our results. EU tariffs mostly affect Italian exporting firms in the case of chemical products, wearing apparel and leather products.

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Section: Eu Trade Policy and Tariff Indexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of import tariff costs for Italian exporting firms

2020

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“…Eora data has already been successfully used by many researchers, including IMF (2016b), IMF (2015a), IMF (2015b), Cerdeiro (2016), Caliendo et al (2015), Feenstra (2017), as well as in the analysis of exchange rate pass through in IMF (2016a) and for understanding the role of GVCs in the recent global trade slowdown (IMF 2016b).…”

Section: Table 1: Eora Sector Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculating Trade in Value Added

Aslam¹,

Novta²,

Rodrigues-Bastos³

2017

IMF Working Papers

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This paper sets out the key concepts necessary to calculate trade in value added using input-output tables. We explain the basic structure of an input-output table and the matrix algebra behind the computation of trade in value added statistics. Specifically, we compute measures of domestic value-added, foreign value added, and forward and backward linkages, as well as measures of both a country’s participation and position in global value chains. We work in detail with an example of a global input-output table for 3 countries each with 4 sectors, provided by the Eora Multi-Region Input-Output (MRIO) database. The aim is to provide an introduction to the analysis of global value chains for use in policy work. An accompanying suite of Matlab codes are provided that can be used with the full set of Eora MRIO tables.

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“…While this extended coverage makes the database invaluable for this analysis, it is worth noting, however, that some data are missing in the IO tables and countries without data were simply excluded from the sample. Eora data has already been successfully used by many researchers, including[35][36][37][38]29] and many others. Data from all databases used are annual and the period of the analysis is from 2000 to 2018.…”

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Global Value Chain Participation and Current Account Balances in Landlocked African Countries

Francis

Ningaye

Christophe

2020

JEMT

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The objective of this paper is to find out the direction of Global Value Chain Participation (GVCP) that contribute more to the Current Account Balance (CAB) in landlocked African countries from 2000 to 2018. Our specification follows the IMF's External Balance Assessment (EBA) model. The Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) econometric technique is applied on data from three sources: (1) UNCTAD-EORA database for forward and backward participation indicators, (2) World Development Indicator (WDI) data set, for current account balance, foreign direct investment (FDI), population and trade openness and (3) Penn World Tables (PWT) for exchange rates. Results highlight a positive and significant contribution of forward GVCP on CAB in landlocked African countries. The study recommends that landlocked African countries should be active providers of value-added intermediary inputs to other Global Value Chain actors.

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Statistics to Measure Offshoring and its Impact

Cited by 20 publications

References 55 publications

An assessment of import tariff costs for Italian exporting firms

An assessment of import tariff costs for Italian exporting firms

Calculating Trade in Value Added

Global Value Chain Participation and Current Account Balances in Landlocked African Countries

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