Status and habitat associations of the threatened northern abalone: importance of kelp and coralline algae

Rogers‐Bennett, Laura; Allen, Brian; Rothaus, Don P.

doi:10.1002/aqc.1218

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…We show an increasing trend in seawater temperature at the Race Rocks locale in the Strait of Juan de Fuca, but recognize that the overall change since 1921 is small (+0.72°C; Figure ). This SST increase using daily values was less than that of the Rogers‐Bennett, Allen, and Rothaus () estimate of 1°C annually based on yearly data from 1969 to 2006, perhaps reflecting both our use of the entire time series and the elimination of any seasonal cycles. Because this is a region dominated by upwelling, the documentation of a warming trend is unexpected and potentially significant.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…Kelp distributions are generally associated with higher latitudes and colder water (Steneck et al., ). There is evidence of episodes of increased SSTs in the California Current in recent years (Di Lorenzo & Mantua, ; Reed et al., ), and analysis of the Race Rocks data suggested an ongoing trend (Figure , Rogers‐Bennett et al., ), that is seasonally divergent (Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The dynamics of Kelp Forests in the Northeast Pacific Ocean and the relationship with environmental drivers

Pfister

Berry

Mumford³

2017

Journal of Ecology

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The dynamics of foundation species in ecosystems are key to the fate of many species. Kelp forests are foundation species in temperate ocean ecosystems and contribute to carbon storage, macronutrient dynamics, primary production and biodiversity of a myriad of associated species. Downward trends in their abundance globally have been of concern. We analysed 26 years of aerial censuses (1989–2015) of two canopy kelp species in Washington State (USA) waters. We compared these modern censuses with censuses in 1911 and 1912 to determine the persistence of kelp cover over the past century. Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models, we compared kelp dynamics with likely environmental drivers, including local environmental variables and ocean indices for this region. Kelp remains at historic levels in many areas, although some eastern populations in proximity to greater human populations are the exception to this pattern. Over the last 26 years, kelp abundance showed high spatial autocorrelation in western areas of Straits of Juan de Fuca, with more variable populations in the annual species and eastward towards Puget Sound. Both species covaried positively in their abundance throughout most of the study area, suggesting that environmental factors rather than competition, drove their dynamics. The population dynamics of these kelp species showed that the abundance 1 year previously was an important predictor, and cyclic dynamics were not indicated using ARIMA models. Kelp abundance correlated inversely with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Oceanic Nino Index, and positively with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, indicating that large‐scale processes associated with colder seawater temperatures were associated with greater relative abundance of kelp. Synthesis. Kelp beds in the northern California Current Large Marine Ecosystem have mostly remained persistent over the past century and over many kilometres, but some areas may have decreased in abundance. The sensitivity of these populations to indices of ocean climate, our demonstration that a historic 93‐year sea surface temperature record (Race Rocks, Canada) showed a 0.72°C increase and the classification of some areas as high variability‐low abundance, suggest that the viability of these foundational species remain a concern into the future.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of Kelp Forests in the Northeast Pacific Ocean and the relationship with environmental drivers

Pfister

Berry

Mumford³

2017

Journal of Ecology

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“…Estimates of the illegal take were 10 times the TACC (Plagányi et al, 2011a) and continue almost unabated, demonstrating that poaching can have severe social and environmental impacts (Blank and Gavin, 2009;Raemaekers and Britz, 2009). There have also been substantial declines among the relatively smaller abalone fisheries, notably in the United States (California [Karpov et al, 2000], Alaska and Washington [Rogers-Bennett et al, 2011]), Canada (Jamieson, 2001), Oman , and Guernsey (Huchette and Clavier, 2004).…”

Section: Status Of Australian Abalone Stocks In a Global Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifty Years of Sustained Production from the Australian Abalone Fisheries

Mayfield

Mundy

Gorfine³

et al. 2012

Reviews in Fisheries Science

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The sustained production of abalone from the five state-managed (Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales, and Western Australia) Australian abalone fisheries has contrasted with many of those elsewhere that exhibited rapid and sustained declines in production. Australian abalone fisheries are significant at local, regional, state, national, and international scales. Key attributes are (1) harvesting, processing, and reinvestment of profits occur away from major metropolitan centers; (2) they are among the most valuable wild-catch species in all states; (3) the combined Australian abalone harvest in 2011 (>4,500 t) had a landed value of ∼AU$200M and represented 15% of the Australian total wild-catch production; and (4) this level of production made these fisheries the dominant contributor (60%) to global wild-catch abalone production. Unlike many other abalone fisheries, total catches were controlled by limited entry, quotas, size limits, and geographic boundaries, overseen by stringent compliance regimes, early in their history. Subsequently, state-based research programs, explicitly tasked with providing scientific advice to support management decisions, undertook assessments to match harvests with stock productivity. This information upon which to base management decisions contributed to long-term (>20 years) stable harvests and enabled relationships among stakeholders to develop around consideration of the information and advice for management. In general, rights-holders developed stewardship for the resource, and this has led to numerous important outcomes, including evolving resource co-management and a nationally representative industry entity, the Abalone Council of Australia. The Abalone Council of Australia, state-based industry entities, and ongoing relationships among rights-holders, fishery managers, and researchers play vital roles in addressing and overcoming current and impending challenges for these fisheries. These difficulties include (1) urban encroachment into coastal regions (the so-called "sea change" phenomenon); (2) a growing interest in access to the abalone resource, reflecting the increasing, culturally diverse Australian population; (3) the everpresent threat of illegal fishing; (4) recent total allowable commercial catch reductions, particularly in Victoria and New South Wales, to facilitate stock rebuilding; (5) changing market conditions; (6) declining profitability from increasing operational costs and appreciation of the Australian dollar; and (7) environmental changes, such as prolonged drought and warmer seas associated with shifts in climate. Overall, this review demonstrates that abalone can be harvested sustainably over extended periods, despite aspects of their demography that suggest higher vulnerability to overexploitation, providing the management systems that control harvesting activities and external impacts that encompass several key underpinning elements. This review also identifies likely challenges to sustained production and shows that the future of ...

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“…The algal functional diversity therein (e.g. canopy, understory, and space-occupying forms) can enhance invertebrate larval recruitment (Rogers-Bennett et al 2011), reduce temporal variability in primary productivity (Miller et al 2011), and buffer against exotic species invasions (Britton-Simmons 2006). Yet strong competition frequently occurs among coexisting functional groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence despite recruitment inhibition of kelps by subtidal algal crusts

Okamoto¹,

Stekoll²,

Eckert³

2013

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In temperate subtidal reefs, kelp species often dominate light, while encrusting algae often dominate the substrate and are well adapted to low light conditions. Yet whether changes in algal crust cover impact recruitment dynamics of kelp species remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we combined field surveys with laboratory and field experiments to investigate (1) the impact of algal crusts on kelp settlement and recruitment and (2) the potential effect such inhibition may have on density of subtidal kelps in a southeast Alaskan fjord. Experimental removal of algal crusts in the field resulted in dense kelp recruitment, whereas in plots where algal crusts dominated space, kelp recruitment was sparse. Kelp zoospores settled in the laboratory with no apparent selectivity for bare rock over crust surfaces, yet kelp sporophyte densities were reduced by 97 to 99% on non-coralline algal crust patches compared to bare rock, suggesting post-settlement recruitment inhibition. Despite such strong inhibition, we show that very low kelp recruit density, such as that observed in the algal crust dominated patches of our experiment, can yield high adult densities. Such observations are supported by positive correlations between kelp density and crust percent cover in field surveys of 1 m 2 plots across 6 reefs, suggesting broadscale coexistence. Thus, the strong ability of kelps to colonize bare substrata in this region appears to facilitate persistence of kelps despite strong dominance of space by certain algal crusts.

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Status and habitat associations of the threatened northern abalone: importance of kelp and coralline algae

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

The dynamics of Kelp Forests in the Northeast Pacific Ocean and the relationship with environmental drivers

The dynamics of Kelp Forests in the Northeast Pacific Ocean and the relationship with environmental drivers

Fifty Years of Sustained Production from the Australian Abalone Fisheries

Coexistence despite recruitment inhibition of kelps by subtidal algal crusts

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