Abstract. The discovery at RHIC of large high-p T suppression and flow of electrons from heavy quarks flavors have altered our view of the hot and dense matter formed in central Au + Au collisions at √ s NN = 200 GeV. These results suggest a large energy loss and flow of heavy quarks in the hot, dense matter. In recent years, the RHIC experiments upgraded the detectors; (1) PHENIX Collaboration installed silicon vertex tracker (VTX) at midrapidity region and forward silicon vertex tracker (FVTX) at the forward rapidity region, and (2) STAR Collaboration installed the heavy flavor tracker (HFT) and the muon telescope detector (MTD) both at the mid-rapidity region. The PHENIX experiments established measurements of ψ(1S ) and ψ(2S ) production as a function of system size, p + p, p + Al, p + Au, and 3 He + Au collisions at √ s NN = 200 GeV. In p/ 3 He + A collisions at forward rapidity, we observe no difference in the ψ(2S )/ψ(1S ) ratio relative to p + p collisions. At backward rapidity, where the comoving particle density is higher, we find that the ψ(2S ) is preferentially suppressed by a factor of two. STAR Collaboration presents the first J/ψ measurements in the di-muon decay channel in Au + Au at √ s NN = 200 GeV at mid-rapidity. We observe a clear J/ψ R AA suppression and qualitatively well described by transport models, including dissociation and regeneration simultaneously.
Physics MotivationHadrons conveying heavy quarks, i.e. charm (c) or bottom (b), are consider important probes of the hot and dense medium, Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Heavy quark-antiquark pairs are mainly produced in initial hard scattering processes of partons. While some of the produced pairs form bound quarkonia, the vast majority hadronize into open heavy flavor particles. They interact through the medium and are expected to be sensitive to its energy density through the mechanism of parton energy loss. Due to the large mass of heavy quarks the suppression of small-angle gluon radiation should reduce their energy loss, and consequently any suppression of heavy-quark mesons like D and B mesons at high-p T is expected to be smaller than that observed for hadrons consisting of light quarks [1]. The evolution of the nuclear modification factor for charged hadrons and π 0 with center-of-mass energy, from the SPS to RHIC and then to the LHC is presented in figure 1. We observe that in the presented p T region, charged hadron production at the LHC is found to be about 50% more suppressed than at RHIC, and has a similar suppression value as for neutral pions (π 0 ) measured by PHENIX. a