Status and prospect of solar heat for industrial processes in China

Jia, Ting; Huang, Junpeng; Li, R.; He, Peng; Dai, Yanjun

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.077

Cited by 80 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In recent years, the distributed thermal sources represented by solar thermal, heat pump, electric boiler (EB), etc have developed at a remarkable speed. China's “13th Five‐Year Plan” proposes that the goal of solar thermal utilization development in 2020 is to reach 800 million m 2 . German government and the Spanish government jointly created virtual fuel cell power plant project .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…China's "13th Five-Year Plan" proposes that the goal of solar thermal utilization development in 2020 is to reach 800 million m 2 . 4 German government and the Spanish government jointly created virtual fuel cell power plant project. 5 In 2007, Holland established a virtual energy plant (VEP) program consisting of 10 combined heat and power (CHP) units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A dynamic risk aversion model for virtual energy plant considering uncertainties and demand response

Tan²,

Wang

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary To full use clean energy to meet load demand of electrical and thermal, the paper proposed a novel concept of virtual energy plant (VEP) including wind power plant (WPP), photovoltaic power generation (PV), combined heat and power generation (CHP), solar collectors (SC), electric boiler (EB), heat storage tank (HSK), and incentive‐based demand response (IBDR). Firstly, the basic structure of VEP is designed, including three subsystems, namely, electricity, heating, and energy storage. Then, a basic scheduling model is constructed under the objective of maximizing operating revenue without considering uncertainty. Thirdly, the conditional value at risk (CVaR) method and the robust optimization theory are used to handle the uncertainty factors in objective functions and condition constraints, and the risk aversion scheduling model is proposed. Finally, industrial park group in northern China are chosen, for example, analysis results show (1) VEP could convert the abandoned clean energy, use HSK to store heating energy during the valley load period, and supply heating energy in the peak period to obtain the excess economic benefits. (2) Lower‐prediction accuracy will amplify the uncertainty risk, when the robust β∈[0.8,0.825]&(0.925,1], the increase of confidence level β will lead to larger increase in CVaR. Especially when β∈(0.925,1), decision makers are extremely disgusted with the risks brought by the uncertainty factors, and correspondingly, the output of clean energy becomes minimum. (3) When the capacity ratio of HSK, EB and the electricity price of peak, valley are lower than 3, the values of revenue, VaR and CVaR change faster, but the ratios are larger than 3, the values change slower, which indicates that the scale of HSK capacity needs to be properly controlled to optimize the use of clean energy, and price‐based demand response could improve the operation profit while controlling risk properly. In general, the proposed scheduling model can maximize the use of clean energy to obtain economic benefits while rationally controlling risks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamic risk aversion model for virtual energy plant considering uncertainties and demand response

Tan²,

Wang

2019

Int J Energy Res

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“…The use of solar energy for covering totally or partially the heat process demand of the industries is not a novel idea, but it is revisited [7,8] due to the serious environmental problems, as well as the fossil fuel depletion in the future [9][10][11]. The processes in the industries cover a great range of low, medium, and high temperatures [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The processes in the industries cover a great range of low, medium, and high temperatures [12,13]. Below, usual industries with the respective typical temperature ranges for the demanded heat are given [7,8] It is essential to state that every industry may need heat for more than one process. For instance, the dairy industry needs process heat for pressurization at 60-80 • C, sterilization at 100-120 • C, and drying at 120-180 • C [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parabolic trough solar collector (PTC) is the most mature solar concentrating technology [14,15] that is able to cover all of the previously presented temperature levels for the heat process in the industries [7]. The PTC can efficiently produce useful heat for temperatures up to 400 • C with thermal oil as a working fluid, and up to 550 • C with molten salts [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energetic and Financial Optimization of Solar Heat Industry Process with Parabolic Trough Collectors

Bellos

Daniil

Tzivanidis

2018

Designs

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The objective of this work is the investigation of a solar heat industry process with parabolic trough solar collectors. The analysis is conducted for the climate conditions of Athens (Greece) and for five load temperature levels (100 • C, 150 • C, 200 • C, 250 • C, and 300 • C). The examined configuration combines parabolic trough solar collectors coupled to a storage tank and an auxiliary heat source for covering the thermal need of 100 kW. The solar thermal system was optimized using the collecting area and the storage tank volume as the optimization variables. There are three different optimization procedures, using different criteria in every case. More specifically, the solar coverage maximization, the net present value maximization, and the payback period minimization are the goals of the three different optimization procedures. Generally, it is found that the payback period is between five and six years, the net present value is between 500-600 k€, and the solar coverage is close to 60%. For the case of the 200 • C temperature level, the optimum design using the net present value criterion indicates 840 m 2 of solar collectors coupled to a storage tank of 15.3 m 3 . The optimization using the solar cover indicates the use of 980 m 2 of solar collectors with a tank of 28 m 3 , while the payback period minimization is found for a 560 m 2 collecting area and an 8-m 3 storage tank volume. The results of this work can be used for the proper design of solar heat industry process systems with parabolic trough collectors.

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Air‐Source Heat Pump for Distributed Steam Generation: A New and Sustainable Solution to Replace Coal‐Fired Boilers in China

Yan

Wang

2020

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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important to meet China's overall goal for reducing carbon emissions. Among the energy consumption in industries, more than 50% of the energy is used in the form of heat [7] and the high-temperature steam is the most widely used heat carrier (see Note S2 in the Supporting Information), which is mainly supplied by industrial boilers. [8] These boilers produce 1.3 Gt CO 2 and are responsible for 33% and 27% of total soot and SO 2 emissions in China, [9] respectively. As can be easily seen, industrial boilers contribute significantly for major energy users, and are one of the key sources of greenhouse gas emissions and air and water pollution in China. [10] Recently in China, small-sized coal-fired boilers have been gradually restricted (see Table S2 in the Supporting Information). Current alternative boilers are oil-fired, gas-fired, electric, biomass, solar boilers, and some other less-common boiler types, each with its advantages, drawbacks, and obstacles for use in certain application. With oil-fired and gas-fired boiler, [11-12] the corresponding pollutants produced by the combustion process are inevitable. Even with the cleaner gas-fired boilers, [13] large amounts of carbon dioxide are emitted during combustion (even if less than with coal). Critically, gas-fired boilers are also faced with the problem of "gas shortages," especially in winter when the demand for residential heating is strong in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. [14] It is found that the biomass boiler has many economic, social and environmental benefits. [15] However, biomass fuels [16] are also characterized by high pollution-related contents including chlorine, high concentrations of alkaline materials, highly volatile components, and low ash melting points that make them easily produce slag and coke from combustion. Solar boilers [7,17] can collect solar energy to generate steam with low operating cost. However, solar boilers are usually with high initial cost due to the large collector area. For example, limited by the solar radiation intension about 1367 W m −2 , a 0.5 t h −1 solar boiler needs at least 200 m 2 of solar collector area. An additional shortcoming is that solar power is unavailable at night and is reduced on cloudy days. Therefore, at present, the application of water vapor generator using solar energy is mainly focused on the large-scale high-temperature steam power generation [18] and small-scale solar desalination conceptual design. [19-20] As for geothermal combined system, [21] waste heat boilers, [22] condensing boilers, [23] although they can offer energy savings With the ratification of the Paris Climate Change Agreement, the use of coal-fired boilers in China are being gradually restricted and removed from use to control air pollution and reduce CO 2 emissions. However, current alternatives to coal-fired boilers such as gas-fired boilers, electric boilers, biomass boilers, and solar boilers have obvious limitations and drawbacks that can limit the spread of their use. An air-source heat pump boiler that can extract...

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Status and prospect of solar heat for industrial processes in China

Cited by 80 publications

References 11 publications

A dynamic risk aversion model for virtual energy plant considering uncertainties and demand response

A dynamic risk aversion model for virtual energy plant considering uncertainties and demand response

Energetic and Financial Optimization of Solar Heat Industry Process with Parabolic Trough Collectors

Air‐Source Heat Pump for Distributed Steam Generation: A New and Sustainable Solution to Replace Coal‐Fired Boilers in China

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