Status and Prospects of Organic Redox Flow Batteries toward Sustainable Energy Storage

Luo, Jian; Hu, Bo; Hu, Maowei; Zhao, Yu; Liu, Tianbiao

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01332

Cited by 401 publications

(466 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…[ 5 ] Aqueous redox flow batteries, possessing non‐flammable electrolytes, decoupled energy/power scaling, and potential low cost, demonstrate strong potential for grid‐scale energy storage. [ 6 ] Several MW/MWh sized all‐vanadium flow batteries (VRFBs) have been installed across the globe. [ 7,8 ] However, widespread deployment of VRFBs is hindered by the high and volatile price of vanadium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Neutral pH Redox Flow Battery with Low Permeability and Long‐Lifetime Phosphonated Viologen Active Species

Jin

Fell

Vina-Lopez

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

137

119

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A highly stable phosphonate‐functionalized viologen is introduced as the redox‐active material in a negative potential electrolyte for aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) operating at nearly neutral pH. The solubility is 1.23 m and the reduction potential is the lowest of any substituted viologen utilized in a flow battery, reaching −0.462 V versus SHE at pH = 9. The negative charges in both the oxidized and the reduced states of 1,1′‐bis(3‐phosphonopropyl)‐[4,4′‐bipyridine]‐1,1′‐diium dibromide (BPP−Vi) effect low permeability in cation exchange membranes and suppress a bimolecular mechanism of viologen decomposition. A flow battery pairing BPP−Vi with a ferrocyanide‐based positive potential electrolyte across an inexpensive, non‐fluorinated cation exchange membrane at pH = 9 exhibits an open‐circuit voltage of 0.9 V and a capacity fade rate of 0.016% per day or 0.00069% per cycle. Overcharging leads to viologen decomposition, causing irreversible capacity fade. This work introduces extremely stable, extremely low‐permeating and low reduction potential redox active materials into near neutral ARFBs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Neutral pH Redox Flow Battery with Low Permeability and Long‐Lifetime Phosphonated Viologen Active Species

Jin

Fell

Vina-Lopez

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

137

119

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“…Interestingly, organic redox materials have shown broad applicability in LIBs, beyond‐Li systems (such as Na + , K + , and multivalent cations including Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , or Al 3+ ), and RFBs . The first two use organic materials as solid electrodes assembled inside the electrochemical cell (Figure ), whereas RFBs store energy by using the electrochemical reactions of organic materials as dissolved species that are transported to reaction sites in the battery by the forced flow of redox electrolytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review of Electrolytes for Organic‐Material‐Based Energy‐Storage Devices Employing Solid Electrodes and Redox Fluids

et al. 2020

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Figure 8. Voltage excursion of PTMA during 11 daysofs elf-discharge tests in 1, 2a nd 3 m Py 14 BF 4 in PC. 1 m losesa ll chargea fter 5days, 2 m after 9days, 3 m is able to deliver residualcharge after 11 daysofs elf-discharge. Figure 9. a) The formation of aliquid mixture of 4-methoxy-TEMPOa nd LiTFSI (MTLT; 1:1) at room temperature.b )V oltage profilesa nd cycling stability of as tatic cell with ac atholyte consisting of MTLT + 17 wt %H 2 Ov ersus aLia node. c) The corresponding flow cell setup and charge/discharge behavior.Reproduced from Ref. [102]with permission. Copyright 2015, Wiley.Figure 10. a) ESW as af unction of the temperature of 10 m [BMIm]Cl/H 2 O supporting electrolyte. b) Redox flow cell tests at À32 and À20 8Cbyu sing Ni phthalocyanineanolyte and FeCl 2 catholyte. CE = coulombic efficiency, VE = voltage efficiency, EE = energye fficiency.Reproducedf rom Ref. [121] with permission.

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“…[ 10 ] Redox flow batteries (RFBs, Figure A) offer promising advantages over traditional electrochemical energy storage methods like lithium ion including scalability, price, and safety. [ 11–14 ] RFBs employ two redox couples in liquid form as charge storage materials for energy conversion between electrical energy and chemical energy. The cathode and anode liquid electrolytes, called catholyte and anolyte respectively, are stored in two separate reservoirs and pumped through the electrode surface of an independent electrochemical cell where electrochemical reactions take place for energy conversion (Figure 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 41–51 ] We and others have made contributions to the development of pH neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) for safe and low cost large‐scale and residential energy storage using sustainable, noncorrosive, nonflammable aqueous redox‐active organic electrolytes and low cost ion exchange membranes. [ 11–14 ] Specifically, pH neutral AORFBs employing water‐soluble, structurally tunable viologen (anolyte), TEMPO (catholyte), ferrocene (catholyte), and ferrocyanide active materials have been extensively demonstrated. [ 19–26 ] We have envisaged pH neutral AORFBs with their stable cycling performance and noncorrosive nature are the most suitable system for coupled energy storage and desalination functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Saltwater Desalination and Energy Storage through a pH Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery

Debruler

Cox

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Here, a pH neutral aqueous organic redox flow battery (AORFB) consisting of three electrolytes channels (i.e., an anolyte channel, a catholyte channel, and a central salt water channel) to achieve integrated energy storage and desalination is reported. Employing a low cost, chemically stable methyl viologen (MV) anolyte, and sodium ferrocyanide catholyte, this desalination AORFB is capable of desalinating simulated seawater (0.56 m NaCl) down to 0.023 m salt concentration at an energy cost of 2.4 W h L−1 of fresh water—competitive with current reverse osmosis technologies. Simultaneously, the cell delivers stored energy at 79.7% efficiency with a cell voltage of 0.85 V. Furthermore, the cell is also capable of higher current operation up to 15 mA cm−2, providing 4.55 mL of fresh water per hour. Combining energy storage and water desalination into such a bifunctional device offers the opportunity to address two growing global issues from one hardware installation.

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Status and Prospects of Organic Redox Flow Batteries toward Sustainable Energy Storage

Cited by 401 publications

References 130 publications

Near Neutral pH Redox Flow Battery with Low Permeability and Long‐Lifetime Phosphonated Viologen Active Species

Near Neutral pH Redox Flow Battery with Low Permeability and Long‐Lifetime Phosphonated Viologen Active Species

A Comparative Review of Electrolytes for Organic‐Material‐Based Energy‐Storage Devices Employing Solid Electrodes and Redox Fluids

Integrated Saltwater Desalination and Energy Storage through a pH Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery

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