Status, Daten und Entwicklungen der globalen Energieversorgung

Andruleit, Harald; Messner, J.; Pein, Martin; Rebscher, Dorothee; Schauer, Michael; Schmidt, Sandro; Goerne, G. von

doi:10.1007/s12398-018-0231-5

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These negative impacts are mainly due to the combustion of fossil kerosene during flight operation [9], in which about 2.5 kg of CO 2 is emitted per liter of kerosene [10]. An average medium-haul aircraft, such as the Airbus A320, consumes around 2700 L of kerosene per flight hour, causing 6750 kg of CO 2 emissions during this period [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Sustainable Aviation Fuels a Viable Option for Decarbonizing Air Transport in Europe? An Environmental and Economic Sustainability Assessment

et al. 2022

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The use of drop-in capable alternative fuels in aircraft can support the European aviation sector to achieve its goals for sustainable development. They can be a transitional solution in the short and medium term, as their use does not require any structural changes to the aircraft powertrain. However, the production of alternative fuels is often energy-intensive, and some feedstocks are associated with harmful effects on the environment. In addition, alternative fuels are often more expensive to produce than fossil kerosene, which can make their use unattractive. Therefore, this paper analyzes the environmental and economic impacts of four types of alternative fuels compared to fossil kerosene in a well-to-wake perspective. The fuels investigated are sustainable aviation fuels produced by power-to-liquid and biomass-to-liquid pathways. Life cycle assessment and life cycle costing are used as environmental and economic assessment methods. The results of this well-to-wake analysis reveal that the use of sustainable aviation fuels can reduce the environmental impacts of aircraft operations. However, an electricity mix based on renewable energies is needed to achieve significant reductions. In addition, from an economic perspective, the use of fossil kerosene ranks best among the alternatives. A scenario analysis confirms this result and shows that the production of sustainable aviation fuels using an electricity mix based solely on renewable energy can lead to significant reductions in environmental impact, but economic competitiveness remains problematic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Sustainable Aviation Fuels a Viable Option for Decarbonizing Air Transport in Europe? An Environmental and Economic Sustainability Assessment

et al. 2022

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“…It is undeniable that fossil fuels are a finite resource. [1] Hence, and because of the fatal influence on global warming by burning such fuels, [2] the way of transportation and storage, production and distribution of energy needs to change in the near future towards cleaner and renewable sources. Among others, the utilization of biodiesel is one possibility to achieve a smooth transition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Molecular Transformation Processes of Biodiesel Components During Long‐Term Storage Via High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Hamacher

Schräder

2022

ChemSusChem

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Biodiesel is an important building block in renewable energy transformation. The main issue is that during storage biodiesel will undergo transformation processes that can lead to molecular changes, which then can cause applicational problems such as severe motor damage. To prevent this, a detailed understanding of the involved molecules and the emerging aging products is necessary. Biodiesel samples were stored for up to 12 months to monitor molecular changes, and all mixtures were investigated by using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with electrospray ionization (ESI). The data revealed that during storage large numbers of oxygen atoms were incorporated into the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). This process was dominant for the first quarter of aging but then became overshadowed by dimerization of oxygenated FAMEs. This means that there are two main pathways for aging in biodiesel: polyoxygenation and oligomerization. These findings greatly pin down the possible causes for sedimentation giving a solid foundation for aging inhibition development.

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“…Coal occupies a leading position in primary energy consumption. Combined with crude oil and natural gas, coal and lignite make the largest contribution to covering around 80% of German primary energy consumption . Meanwhile, it is estimated that coal will account for 39% of global fuel consumption for electricity generation in the next ten years. , Energy study (2016) reports coal has the largest potential of all nonrenewable energy resources, with a share of around 55% of reserves and around 89% of resources and is predicted to play a major role against the practice of the expected rise in global primary energy consumption …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignite is an abundant raw coal resource, which is estimated to account for approximately 13% of coal reserves in China and is the unique resource of all of the nonrenewable energy resources that is available in large economically extractable amounts in Germany. ,− The lignite is increasingly implemented as a primary energy supply due to the large reserves and low mining cost worldwide. − Germany is the largest lignite producer and consumer worldwide in 2015 . 23.1% of Germany’s gross electricity is generated by the combustion of lignite . However, due to the characteristics of high moisture content (20–55 wt %), high ash content, high volatile content, and low calorific value, etc., the direct combustion of lignite results in low combustion efficiency, high transportation cost, and scorification in the combustor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Separation and Upgrading of Fine Lignite in a Pulsed Fluidized Bed. 2. Experimental Study on Lignite Separation Characteristics and Improvement of Separation Efficiency

et al. 2017

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A pulsed fluidized bed system was established, targeting the analysis of the drying and separation characteristics of fine lignite. Experiments, involving factors of air velocity, pulsating frequency, and bed height were conducted under room temperature to analyze the influence of each factor on the separation characteristics of −6 + 3 mm lignite and −3 + 1 mm lignite in a pulsed fluidized bed, respectively. The combustible recovery and standard deviation of ash content were implemented to evaluate the separation efficiency. Results show three factors have a significant impact on the separation efficiency of fine lignite. Afterward, the thermal energy characterized by inlet temperature was imported into the pulsed fluidized bed system to study the influence of inlet temperature, air velocity, pulsating frequency, and bed height on the separation efficiency of fine lignite under thermal conditions. Results show that the ash content of the top layer product decreases significantly from 14.44% to 9.82% and from 15.52% to 7.31% when the pulsating frequency increases from 0 Hz to 3.93 Hz under room temperature and thermal conditions for −6 + 3 mm lignite, respectively. For −3 + 1 mm lignite, the ash content of the top layer product decreases from 17.22% to 10.25% and from 16.77% to 10.01% under room temperature and thermal conditions, respectively. Optimal operation parameters were determined. With the air velocity of 1.09 m/s, inlet temperature of 80 °C, pulsating frequency of 3.93 Hz, and bed height of 120 mm, the optimal separation efficiency was achieved for −6 + 3 mm lignite. For −3 + 1 mm lignite, the optimal is achieved when air velocity, inlet temperature, pulsating frequency, and bed height are 0.55 m/s, 100 °C, 3.49 Hz, and 80 mm. The separation efficiency of lignite with a pulsed fluidized bed was dramatically improved.

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Status, Daten und Entwicklungen der globalen Energieversorgung

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Are Sustainable Aviation Fuels a Viable Option for Decarbonizing Air Transport in Europe? An Environmental and Economic Sustainability Assessment

Are Sustainable Aviation Fuels a Viable Option for Decarbonizing Air Transport in Europe? An Environmental and Economic Sustainability Assessment

Investigating Molecular Transformation Processes of Biodiesel Components During Long‐Term Storage Via High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Separation and Upgrading of Fine Lignite in a Pulsed Fluidized Bed. 2. Experimental Study on Lignite Separation Characteristics and Improvement of Separation Efficiency

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