Status differentiation, agricultural intensification, and pottery production in precapitalist Kiyyangan, Ifugao, Philippines

Acabado, Stephen; Barretto-Tesoro, Grace; Amano, Noel

doi:10.1016/j.ara.2017.10.004

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It was not until the mid-second millennium AD that production became more centralized, but not in all areas of the Philippines, as work in Ifugao Province (Fig. 1) during the second millennium AD suggests elites did not control pottery production and distribution; instead pottery was consistently produced at the household level for local use (Acabado et al 2018).…”

Section: Domestic Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Building from the Ground Up: The Archaeology of Residential Spaces and Communities in Southeast Asia

Carter

2022

J Archaeol Res

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Despite the ethnographic importance of the Southeast Asian house and household, an explicitly Southeast Asian "household archaeology" is still in its infancy. Nevertheless, archaeologists in Southeast Asia have undertaken excavations within habitation areas and residential spaces, identifying domestic debris, the partial remains of house structures, and activity areas. As a result, archaeologists of Southeast Asia have addressed many topics of relevance to those who use a household archaeology approach, including the identification and description of houses and household activities; the domestic economy; domestic ritual; diversity and variability both within houses as related to questions of identity, specifically gender and age, and between houses, especially as related to status; and identification of supra-household communities. In this review, I consider how archaeologists have addressed these themes using examples from a diverse set of geographic locations and time periods in mainland and island Southeast Asia. I conclude with suggestions for future research directions to continue building an archaeology of residential spaces and communities in Southeast Asia.

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Section: Domestic Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Building from the Ground Up: The Archaeology of Residential Spaces and Communities in Southeast Asia

Carter

2022

J Archaeol Res

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“…Rice had become the preferred staple in many regions, although in several areas Spanish chroniclers observed a heavy reliance on root crops, such as taro and yam for subsistence, stating that rice production was insufficient (Scott, 1990). Junker (1999: 330–331) argued that because of the high amount of labour required for production, rice was considered as a high-status food by many groups, for instance as suggested by archaeological investigations in northern Luzon (Acabado et al, 2016). Gunn (1995, 1996, in Junker, 1999) in her study of charred macrobotanical remains from settlements sites in Tanjay noted the relatively higher predominance of rice remains in areas presumed to have been occupied by elites or members of the ruling classes in comparison to non-elite habitation zones.…”

Section: Domestic Animals and Crops In The Metal And Protohistoric Pementioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological and historical insights into the ecological impacts of pre-colonial and colonial introductions into the Philippine Archipelago

et al. 2020

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The tropical forests of the Philippine Archipelago are some of the most threatened in the 21st century. Among the most prominent threats are the introduction of new plant and animal species, as well as new forms of land management (e.g. plantations), that have accompanied industrial expansion. Such threats have a potentially long-term history and prehistory in the Philippines, not just as a consequence of Spanish colonial administration and land-use changes from the 16th century, but also in the context of pre-colonial introductions of rice agriculture and domesticated animals. However, the impacts of such arrivals on local Philippine societies and ecologies have remained relatively unexplored, especially in comparison to contemporary exchanges between Europe and the Neotropics. Here, we evaluate archaeological and historical evidence for the integration of novel plants, animals and economic strategies into local Philippine cultures and economies from 4000 years ago to the 19th century AD. This includes material culture, archaeozoological and archaeobotanical analysis, as well as archival references to pre- and post-colonial urban settlements, the evolution of land management and rural settlements across the Archipelago. We argue that prehistoric land-use changes, as well as the colonial introduction of crops and domesticated animals, represent a potentially interesting contrast to other tropical regions that came under Spanish imperial control between the 15th and 19th centuries. Nevertheless, to determine the full extent of their impacts on social organisation and Philippine landscapes more detailed, long-term multidisciplinary investigation is required.

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“…The Ifugao are agriculturalists who have cultivated wet-rice for at least 300 years. Their agro-cultural system (Acabado 2012) exhibits a complementary strategy combining the management of private forests ( muyong ), swidden cultivation of sweet potatoes ( uma ), pond-field cultivation of rice ( payo ), inter-cropping of many secondary domesticates (i.e. sweet potatoes, potatoes, cabbage, and other cash crops), and the raising of pigs, chickens, and other forms of livestock (Conklin 1980: 36).…”

Section: Subsistence Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sacred and the Secular: Practical Applications of Water Rituals in the Ifugao Agricultural System

Acabado¹,

Martin²

2016

TRaNS

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Water symbolisms permeate Ifugao religion, rituals, and oral tradition. Water plays a part in death, rebirth, and cleansing in Ifugao cosmology. As such, Ifugaos consider water as sacred. However, water is also central in Ifugao economy and politics. As a culture that highly values intensive wet-rice production in a mountain environment, managing access to water is necessary to maintain stability. Ifugao practices follow what Richard O'Connor described as the "agro-cultural complex" in which agricultural practices, social systems, and political, historical, and, cultural changes are understood as interlocking processes (O'Connor 1995). In this paper, we focus on the relationship between Ifugao water and agricultural rituals with the synchronizing and sequencing of agricultural activities. Using the concept of self-organization, we argue that water and agricultural rituals in Ifugao are not only meant to reinforce community cohesion, they also synchronize the farming activities crucial to a terraced ecology. Utilizing the practice of puntunaan (a ritual plot or parcel in the centre of an agricultural district) and the institution of tomona (the ritual leader of an agricultural district) as a case study, we observed that disruptions in the water and rice rituals stimulated great change in Ifugao sociopolitical organization.

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Status differentiation, agricultural intensification, and pottery production in precapitalist Kiyyangan, Ifugao, Philippines

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Building from the Ground Up: The Archaeology of Residential Spaces and Communities in Southeast Asia

Building from the Ground Up: The Archaeology of Residential Spaces and Communities in Southeast Asia

Archaeological and historical insights into the ecological impacts of pre-colonial and colonial introductions into the Philippine Archipelago

The Sacred and the Secular: Practical Applications of Water Rituals in the Ifugao Agricultural System

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