Status epilepticus in dogs and cats, part 1: etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, and diagnosis

Golubovic, Susan Blades; Rossmeisl, John H.

doi:10.1111/vec.12605

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…In 1 report, 61.8% of dogs suffering from intracranial neoplasia developed seizures . In another report, 51% of dogs with intracranial neoplasia developed seizures, whereas other studies reported a seizure rate of 45% in dogs with intracranial neoplasia . All of the above‐mentioned studies found higher seizure activity rates than that observed in our study, but our study focused on short‐term seizure recurrence in dogs that already had experienced a seizure before consultation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…8 In another report, 51% of dogs with intracranial neoplasia developed seizures, 9 whereas other studies reported a seizure rate of 45% in dogs with intracranial neoplasia. 29,35 All of the above-mentioned studies found higher seizure activity rates than that observed in our study, but our study focused on short-term seizure recurrence in dogs that already had experienced a seizure before consultation. Interestingly, another study found that seizure severity in more than half of the dogs with intracranial neoplasia progressed to cluster seizures by the time the dogs underwent MRI 8 partly explaining our finding that abnormal neurologic examination with predominance of prosencephalon signs is a risk factor for seizure recurrence.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…After neurons undergo a paroxysmal depolarization shift, a cascade of cellular events occurs (eg, calcium cell influx, opening of sodium‐gated channels) leading to repolarization and depolarization; if sustained, these changes can lead to irreversible cell damage and death . Prolonged seizure activity in primates has been shown to cause damage in several brain areas, caused by neuronal cell necrosis, gliosis, and network reorganization leading to mirror epileptic focus formation or enlargement of the existing focuse . The impact of seizures on brain function in the interictal phase may be important and occasionally can be identified using MRI .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reasons behind the abnormal neurologic examination and the mechanisms that promote tumor‐related seizure activity most likely are multifactorial . Neoplastic tissue can be an initiation site of seizure activity, particularly with gliomas .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,19 Prolonged seizure activity in primates has been shown to cause damage in several brain areas, caused by neuronal cell necrosis, gliosis, and network reorganization leading to mirror epileptic focus formation or enlargement of the existing focuse. [20][21][22][23] The impact of seizures on brain function in the interictal phase may be important and occasionally can be identified using MRI. 24 In the canine brain, it has been documented that neuronal necrosis becomes more prominent and severe the longer seizure activity lasts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Risk Factors for Early Seizure Recurrence in Dogs Hospitalized for Seizure Evaluation

Kwiatkowska

Tipold

Huenerfauth

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundEpileptic seizures are a common cause for neurological evaluations in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine the timing, frequency, and risk factors for early seizure recurrence (ESR) among dogs admitted to the hospital for seizure evaluation and to facilitate rapid decision making about whether dogs should be placed in the intensive care unit (ICU) or day ward.AnimalsNine‐hundred twenty‐two dogs referred for seizure investigation; 214 patients were included.MethodsRetrospective study. Medical records between 2000 and 2017 were reviewed to determine risk factors for ESR. Findings were compared among dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy (IE), structural epilepsy (StE) and reactive seizures (RS), as well as in all selected cases together.ResultsFifty percent of dogs had a seizure while hospitalized. In the group 53.1 and 52.2% in the StE group, whereas in the RS 40.44% had ESR. The average time to ESR was 7 hours. In IE group, abnormal postictal neurological examination with prosencephalon signs predicted ESR. In StE group, a single generalized or focal seizure 72 hours before hospital admission and abnormal neurologic examination predicted ESR. In the RS group, ERS was predicted by long‐term antiepileptic monotheraphy. When all dogs were analyzed together, abnormal neurological examination, the occurrence of cluster seizures, status epilepticus, or combination of them 72 hours before presentation predicted ESR.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceEpileptic seizures recurred in 50% of patients within a mean time of 7 hours. In general, when cluster seizures, status epilepticus or both occurred 72 hours before presentation and neurological examination was abnormal upon presentation, the dog should be placed in ICU for observation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%