Status of antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation in schizophrenics with positive, negative and cognitive symptoms

Abstract

a b s t r a c tIntroduction: The etiology of schizophrenic is still remains elusive. In the last few decades, dopamine hyperactivity hypothesis predominates in the research field. Impaired antioxidant defenses are suggested to participate in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether oxidative stress may have a pathophysiological role in schizophrenia and in clinical course. Methods: A total of 48 schizophrenic patients of age group 18e55 years (30M: 18F) were recruited. The patients were divided into three groups: 18 subjects with positive symptoms, 14 with negative symptoms and 16 with cognitive symptoms. The control groups consist of 48 healthy individuals that were recruited from general population with similar socio-economic status. Total antioxidant ststus (TAS), erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were measured using standard methods. Results: Erythrocyte MDA concentration was significantly increased in schizophrenic subjects with positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Contrarily, the erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes GSH-Px and CAT were significantly reduced among schizophrenic subjects. Erythrocyte GSH and plasma TAS concentrations were also significantly reduced in schizophrenic subjects. Likewise, secondary antioxidant enzymes activity G6PD was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) among schizophrenic subjects. Conclusion: Our finding reveals that maintenance of redox balances within cells is a primary component of homeostasis underlying neuronal survival. Studies are pointing to oxidative stress as a part of the pathology in schizophrenia. Therefore, identifying viable therapeutic strategies to tackle oxidative stress and the resulting physiological disturbances will provide an exciting opportunity for the treatment and ultimately prevention of schizophrenia.

Effect of antioxidant, malondialdehyde, macro‐mineral, and trace element serum concentrations in Bangladeshi patients with schizophrenia: A case‐control study

“…14 Modern studies implicated these mechanisms in managing brain pathology, raising the probability that distorted parameters of the basic phenomenon of oxidative stress can lead to the pathogenesis of SCZ and associated abnormalities. [15][16][17] An intricate balance of trace elements is essential for maintaining physical and mental health, as they are required for various physiological and metabolic mechanisms in the human body. Their scarcity would cause numerous metabolic disorders, while elevated levels are toxic.…”

“…Factual evidence says that schizophrenic patients show higher indexes of oxidative stress that may affect the deterioration manifested throughout the disease 11 and may be associated with cognitive deficits in these patients 14 . Modern studies implicated these mechanisms in managing brain pathology, raising the probability that distorted parameters of the basic phenomenon of oxidative stress can lead to the pathogenesis of SCZ and associated abnormalities 15‐17 …”