Status of Cassava Mosaic Virus Diseases and Cassava<i>Begomoviruses</i>in Sub-Saharan Africa

Atiri, G. I.; Ogbe, F.; Dixon, A. G. O.; Winter, Stephan; Ariyo, O. A.

doi:10.1300/j064v24n03_03

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a staple crop grown throughout Africa and it is the most important source of dietary carbohydrate in subSaharan Africa [1,2] . The crop is able to produce acceptable yields even on very marginal soils and in drought conditions, but is susceptible to a number of pathogens and losses to cassava production occur in all areas due to Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD), caused by various Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) transmitted whiteflies [3][4][5][6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Evidence for the Association of a Strain of Uganda Variant of East African Cassava Mosaic Virus to Symptom Severity in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Fields in Togo

Adjata¹,

Muller²,

Peterschmitt³

et al. 2009

American J. of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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Problem statement:This study was carried out to demonstrate that the severity of Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) in Togo, is not only influenced by synergism between cassava Begomoviruses in presence, but essentially by recombination between the different Begomoviruses infecting cassava. Approach: Foliar samples presenting typical biological features of Begomoviruses infection were collected from cassava and wild infected plants from different regions of Togo and analysed by PCR targeting the Coat Protein (CP). The PCR products obtained from different isolates of two major Begomoviruses species infecting cassava in Togo were then sequenced and compared with the sequenced of the African cassava mosaic Begomoviruses identified to date and available in NCBI GenBank database by phylogenetic analysis. Results: The results indicate that not only the two major Begomoviruses could be in synergistic interaction in infected cassava in Togo as it has been shown between African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV) and East African Cassava Mosaic Virus (EACMV) elsewhere, but could also create recombinants which would be highly interfering in the development of symptom severity in the country. Conclusion/Recommendations: The study confirmed the assumption that the symptom severity in cassava fields in Togo is rather caused by recombination between different Begomoviruses in presence than by synergistic interaction. More investigations should be done to give insight to this founding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Evidence for the Association of a Strain of Uganda Variant of East African Cassava Mosaic Virus to Symptom Severity in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Fields in Togo

Adjata¹,

Muller²,

Peterschmitt³

et al. 2009

American J. of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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“…Map of Africa showing distribution of cassava mosaic gemini viruses causing CMD in cassava belt (adapted fromAtiri et al 2004 and modified with information fromLegg and Fauquet 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of genetic diversity among African cassava Manihot esculenta Grantz accessions resistant to the cassava mosaic virus disease using SSR markers

Lokko¹,

Dixon²,

Offei³

et al. 2005

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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A study was conducted to determine the extent of genetic diversity among African cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions resistant to the cassava mosaic virus disease (CMD), using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The accessions included a breeding stock (clone 58308), five improved lines, 62 CMD resistant and 10 CMD susceptible landraces. Genetic diversity was assessed among accessions in five cluster groups derived from UPGMA analysis on data from 18 SSR primer pairs. Average gene diversity, He, was high in all cluster groups, with an average heterozygosity of 0.591 ± 0.061. The estimator of inbreeding Fis revealed a low level of inbreeding within groups and averaged À0.262 ± 0.142. Gene diversity among all accessions was 51.4% and gene diversity within cluster groups was 46.6%, while 4.8% was due to diversity between the different cluster groups. The amount of genetic differentiation measured by Gst and Fst were 9.6% and 12.1% respectively, indicating a weak genetic structure.

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“…Several studies had discussed the CMD management strategy in farmer's fields (Atiri et al, 2004;Thresh and Cooter 2005;Vanderschuren et al, 2007Vanderschuren et al, , 2012Mallowa et al, 2011). Some farmers used chemical to control the vector, but this has not been widely practiced because of the cost associated to the methods, the danger to farmer's health and the negative impact of pesticide on the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

IJAPR

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Cassava Mosaic disease (CMD) is transmitted either through infected cuttings or by whiteflies. We investigated how phytosanitation methods could affect cassava varieties responses to CMD infection and its vectorand the relationship between vector abundance and CMD incidence. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design with three phytosanitation methods applied on four cassava varieties. CMD severity and whitefly population were assessed at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months after planting. Yield data was recorded at harvest, 12 months after planting. Phytosanitation had effect on CMD incidence on all varieties except the local check which had more than 90% of its plants infected. There was no difference in whitefly population abundance between treatments. We found a negative correlation between vector abundance and CMD incidence with variety 92/0326 having lowest CMD incidence and more whitefly counts. At harvest, main difference in the fresh root yield was observed between the removal treatment and the others. Large difference in yield were observed between varieties, with the local variety producing less than the other varieties. The combination of phytosanitation and cassava varieties with initial level of CMD resistance can reduce the transmission of CMD in cassava fields in the humid tropical forest.

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Status of Cassava Mosaic Virus Diseases and CassavaBegomovirusesin Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 15 publications

References 81 publications

Molecular Evidence for the Association of a Strain of Uganda Variant of East African Cassava Mosaic Virus to Symptom Severity in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Fields in Togo

Molecular Evidence for the Association of a Strain of Uganda Variant of East African Cassava Mosaic Virus to Symptom Severity in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Fields in Togo

Assessment of genetic diversity among African cassava Manihot esculenta Grantz accessions resistant to the cassava mosaic virus disease using SSR markers

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