Status of domestic water supply and prospects of rainwater harvesting in Southeastern Nigeria

Nnaji, Chidozie Charles; Edeh, George Chijioke; Nnam, John P.

doi:10.1504/ijw.2018.090189

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Sistem ini umum digunakan negara-negara seperti Jepang, Singapura, Amerika Serikat, dan lainnya (Custódio & Ghisi, 2023). Sistem RWH dapat menyediakan 12-100% air minum di negara-negara berkembang, mengatasi kekurangan air di negara-negara seperti Bangladesh, India, Kenya, dan Afrika Selatan (Nnaji et al, 2018). Daerah semi-arid menggunakan aliran jalan untuk irigasi, sementara negara-negara Amerika Latin menggunakan RWH atap untuk konsumsi domestik.…”

Section: Teknologi Dan Praktik Pertanian Hemat Airunclassified

Tata kelola sumber daya air berkelanjutan-berkeadilan : Bagaimana Indonesia memperkuat poros maritim?

Ghina Annaifah

2024

EcoProfit

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Water resources are an important aspect of human survival. However, population growth, urbanization, climate change, agricultural expansion, and industrialization have led to a rapid decline in the quality and availability of water resources. It is estimated that by 2050, the global population will reach 9.7 billion, which will increase the need for water resources. Currently, approximately 2.3 billion people live in water-critical areas, and two-thirds of the global population experiences critical water shortages for at least one month of the year. The United Nations has established Sustainable Development Goals, with a focus on clean water and sanitation. Indonesia, with more than 17,000 islands, has rich water resources but is vulnerable due to urbanization, pollution, and climate change. To overcome these challenges, sustainable water governance is necessary. Indonesia is already experiencing water shortages, and it is estimated that 67% of economic activity will be in areas experiencing water scarcity by 2045. In addition, Indonesia is among the ten largest groundwater-consuming countries, drawing groundwater mainly for domestic use. To overcome this challenge, the government has implemented water governance reforms through regulatory policies and infrastructure improvements. In this context, this research aims to provide an overview of the progress of sustainable water governance in Indonesia and strategies for facing challenges as a maritime axis in sustainable water governance. This study uses a systematic literature review methodology to analyze 69 articles on current water governance practices, sustainable water governance challenges, and strategies for overcoming these challenges. By adopting sustainable water governance, Indonesia can ensure fair and equitable access to water, reduce water-related conflicts, increase access to clean water and sanitation, and strengthen the country's overall environmental and economic resilience.

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Section: Teknologi Dan Praktik Pertanian Hemat Airunclassified

Tata kelola sumber daya air berkelanjutan-berkeadilan : Bagaimana Indonesia memperkuat poros maritim?

Ghina Annaifah

2024

EcoProfit

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Chemical characteristics and microbiological loads of harvested rainwater run-off from roof tops in South Eastern Nigeria

Nwogu,

Ubuoh,

Kanu

2024

Discov Sustain

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The study evaluated rainwater quality harvested from roof top catchments viz Asbestos, Aluminum, Corrugated and Harvey roof tops in southeastern, Nigeria. Chemical and microbiological species viz pH, Total Dissolved Solids(TDS), Electrical conductivity (EC), Nitrate(NO3−), Sulphate (SO42−), Chloride(Cl−), Total bacteria load(TBL), Total Coliform Count (TCC), Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA), Thiocitrate Bile-salt Sucrose( TCBS), Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) were investigated from samples of rainwater roof top run off during onset rain (April), peak rain (July) and cessation (October) rain events in 2022. Results of chemical parameters show significant variation p ≥ 0.05 among the catchments with increased mean concentration of pH(6.5), TDS(25.7 mg/l), EC(43.6μS/cm),NO3−(0.72 mg/l) SO42(4.73 mg/l), Cl(8.81) during onset rain more than the peak and cessation rain, with asbestos rainwater having the highest levels but below WHO/FMENV drinking water limit. Positive and negative correlations existed between the chemical parameters in temporal scale and originating from human activities with the temporal variability in decrease order: April ≥ October ≥ July. Microbial parameters in rainwater revealed mean TBL(6.6 × 104 cfu/ml), TCC(2.6 × 103 cfu/ml) and control (5.8 × 104 cfu/ml) with Aluminum top (8.2 × 104 cfu/ml) recording highest in onset rain more than the peak and cessation rain events. All of the microbial parameters were above the WHO standards which indicates a very high public health risk if consumed without treatment. Organisms found in rainwater from roof types are: Enterobacter sp., Staphylococcus aurous, Streptococcus sp., Bacillus Sp. and Escherichia coli. Based on the results, treatment of rainwater, operation, maintenance methods should be upheld for quality assurance of harvested rainwater.

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Storage-induced deterioration of domestic water quality

Nnaji

Ekwule

2019

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development

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Due to the failure of municipal supply systems in many Nigerian cities, residents often resort to long storage of water in large high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tanks in order to reduce water stress. This paper investigated deterioration of the quality of stored water for a period of 35 days. Samples from 20 purposively selected storage tanks in Enugu, Nigeria were collected for analysis. Heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform (TC), enterococci and Escherichia coli were present in 85%, 75%, 40% and 61% of the samples, respectively. E. coli (p < 0.001) and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in storage tanks that were also used for rainwater collection than those that were not. HPC and TC counts in tanks that collect rainwater were twice those of tanks that do not, while E. coli and enterococci counts in tanks that also collect rainwater were three times those of tanks that do not collect rainwater. The most significant change (p < 0.001) in E. coli concentration occurred after 15 days of storage. Cleaning of tanks caused significant reduction of TC counts (p = 0.013), E. coli (p < 0.001), HPC (p < 0.001) and enterococci (p = 0.001). Hence, prolonged storage of water causes significant deterioration of water quality.

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Status of domestic water supply and prospects of rainwater harvesting in Southeastern Nigeria

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Tata kelola sumber daya air berkelanjutan-berkeadilan : Bagaimana Indonesia memperkuat poros maritim?

Tata kelola sumber daya air berkelanjutan-berkeadilan : Bagaimana Indonesia memperkuat poros maritim?

Chemical characteristics and microbiological loads of harvested rainwater run-off from roof tops in South Eastern Nigeria

Storage-induced deterioration of domestic water quality

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