Status of Highly Hazardous Pesticides and Their Mitigation Measures in Asia

Dhoj, Yubak; Palikhe, Bhakta R.; Gu, Bin; Beatrice, Grenier

doi:10.4236/ae.2022.101002

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Among the country-speci c papers, the results were dominated by case studies from Sri Lanka (23,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), South Korea (31)(32)(33)(34)(35), Taiwan (36, 37), Japan (24,38), and Brazil (39,40). Several papers presented regional and global overviews (1,(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49).…”

Section: Documents Identi Edmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraquat at 63 - the story of a controversial herbicide and its regulations: It is time to put people and public health first when regulating paraquat.

Utyasheva,

Amarasinghe,

Eddleston

2024

Preprint

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Background Paraquat has been one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, despite its high human toxicity and the overwhelming evidence of associated high morbidity and mortality. Due to the significant public health implications from paraquat’s use, there have been calls to severely restrict or ban it in many countries. In this paper, we aim to investigate the regulatory status of paraquat on national, regional, and international levels, discuss the successes and challenges of regulatory implementation, and assess the impact of regulation on the incidence of poisonings and deaths. Methods We conducted a systematic review of articles on regulations related to the herbicide paraquat. The review concentrated on interventions to mitigate the negative public health impact of paraquat use. We also conducted region-wise and country-wise searches on paraquat regulations to complement our findings. We collected information on paraquat regulations and restrictions, and regulatory aspects of regulation implementation. Results At least 74 countries do not authorize paraquat in their markets, with bans, phase-outs, and withdrawals from the market. National and regional bans and phase-outs were effective in reducing paraquat poisonings and deaths. Restrictions on the use and application of paraquat, however, did not always result in a significant reduction in poisoning and suicide mortality, and many countries introduced bans after restrictions proved ineffective. Conclusion Our review highlights several elements important for the success of the implementation of regulations, with reductions in harm and no effect on agriculture. It is now time that national, regional, and international authorities pay attention to the scientific evidence of human toxicity and put people’s life and health ahead of economic and business considerations in regulating paraquat. Its use should be replaced by other methods of weed control. This should be a public health priority.

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Section: Documents Identi Edmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraquat at 63 - the story of a controversial herbicide and its regulations: It is time to put people and public health first when regulating paraquat.

Utyasheva,

Amarasinghe,

Eddleston

2024

Preprint

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“…Agricultural pesticides are widely used in Asia, however, at present, the misuse of agrochemicals has become a serious concern and major challenge in many Asian countries (Berg, 2001;Abhilash and Singh, 2009;Ali et al, 2014;Gianessi, 2014;Liu et al, 2015;Skretteberg et al, 2015;Schreinemachers, 2019;Dhoj et al, 2021). Pesticide overuse during the last 20 years with unsafe pesticide practices led to adverse health and serious environmental consequences (Nguyen and Tran, 1999;Wilson, 2000;Briones and Felipe, 2013;Schreinemachers et al, 2017Schreinemachers et al, , 2020Schreinemachers, 2019).…”

Section: A Brief Overview Of Pesticide Use and Regulatory Environment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significant adverse impacts of excessive agrochemical use include air, soil, and water pollution, and the killing of non-target organisms in the ecosystem (beneficial insects, birds, aquatic animals, etc. ; Williamson, 1998; Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 2015; Sharma et al, 2019;Schreinemachers et al, 2020;Dhoj et al, 2021). Currently, the problem of overusing pesticides in Asia is becoming severe, primarily due to the growth of commercial farming and the lack of pesticide regulations (Kay, 2002;Ajayi and Place, 2012;Briones and Felipe, 2013;Otsuka et al, 2016;Schreinemachers, 2019;FAO, 2022b).…”

Section: A Brief Overview Of Pesticide Use and Regulatory Environment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to address food insecurity in Asia, the current agricultural system has to improve yields by expanding commercial farming and increasing crop productivity. Most farmers wrongly believe that pesticides are the only solution to deal with crop loss due to pests and to get more profit and better production from farming (Heong et al, 2008;Christos, 2009;Escalada et al, 2009;Berga and Tam, 2012;Lorenz et al, 2012;Schreinemachers et al, 2015;Nguyen et al, 2016;Schreinemachers, 2019;Dhoj et al, 2021;Galli et al, 2022).…”

Section: A Brief Overview Of Pesticide Use and Regulatory Environment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many countries, pesticides are even considered the remedy for pest issues by using the same word for "pesticide" and "medicine" in their local language (Dhoj et al, 2021). Indeed, "pesticide" is called "thuốc trừ sâu" in Vietnam, "ຢາປາບສັ ດຕູ ພື ດ" in Laos, and "農藥 (农药)" in China, etc., in which "thuốc, " "ຢາ, " and "藥 (药)" means "medicine. "…”

Section: A Brief Overview Of Pesticide Use and Regulatory Environment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Agricultural pesticide regulatory environment for pollinator protection across geographical regions

Phan,

Rajotte,

Smagghe

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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The alarming decline of pollinator populations has raised significant concerns worldwide and prompted the need for effective pesticide risk assessment within the Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management (IPPM) framework. This paper examines the diverse approaches to pollinator protection within the pesticide regulatory environments of the United States (US), the European Union (EU), and selected Asian countries. The US adopts a reactive approach, regulating pesticides only after evidence of harm emerges, while the EU embraces a proactive stance under the precautionary principle. The EU has implemented stringent regulations, including neonicotinoid bans, and conducts coordinated research on pesticide impacts. In contrast, some Asian countries face challenges with inadequate regulations, leading to adverse health and environmental consequences. This article highlights the need for comprehensive pesticide regulations across different regions to safeguard pollinators and mitigate the non-target risks associated with pesticide use.

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Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Remediate the Phytotoxicity of Quinclorac to Tomato

Zhao

Tan

et al. 2022

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Status of Highly Hazardous Pesticides and Their Mitigation Measures in Asia

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Paraquat at 63 - the story of a controversial herbicide and its regulations: It is time to put people and public health first when regulating paraquat.

Paraquat at 63 - the story of a controversial herbicide and its regulations: It is time to put people and public health first when regulating paraquat.

Agricultural pesticide regulatory environment for pollinator protection across geographical regions

Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Remediate the Phytotoxicity of Quinclorac to Tomato

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