Status of imported malaria in a control zone of the United Arab Emirates bordering an area of unstable malaria

Dar, F.K.; Bayoumi, Riad; Alkarmi, T.; Shalabi, A.S.; Beidas, F.; Hussein, Mohammadamin

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(93)90261-n

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It is referable to that, in the United Arab Emirates, more than 15 years were needed to obtain a significant reduction of malaria incidence in a zone of re-emerged unstable malaria (Dar et al, 1993).…”

Section: After the Korean Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-emerging Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea

1999

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Section: After the Korean Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-emerging Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea

1999

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“…It is now well documented that the movement of population plays an important role in the spread and introduction of malaria infection [6,[12][13][14]. Each year approximately 80,000 individuals come to work or reside in Kuwait from areas highly endemic for malaria and an average of 800 imported malaria cases are detected each year.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anopheline breeding places are relatively limited and thus, no malaria transmission has been detected in Kuwait. However, Kuwait is vulnerable to malaria infection as it is exposed to countries where there is transmission of malaria [6][7][8][9][10], and because of frequent influx of multinational expatriate work force from countries with high malaria endemicity. According to the Communicable Disease Control Unit of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Kuwait, 876, 654, 811 and 746 cases of malaria were detected in Kuwait in 1994-1997, respectively, and about 15-20% of the total cases were of falciparum malaria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Introduction of Drug-Resistant Malaria in a Non-Endemic Country, Kuwait: A Real Threat?

Iqbal

Sher²,

Hira

et al. 2000

Med Princ Pract

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Objectives: This study investigates the prevalence of drug-resistant malaria infection in Kuwait in patients with malaria infection to the two most important and primary antimalarial drugs, chloroquine and mefloquine. Study Subjects and Methods: In vitro screening of malarial parasites to chloroquine and mefloquine was done during 1994–1996 in all those cases who presented with malaria-like symptoms and had a parasite density of ≥1,000 asexual pure Plasmodium falciparum parasites per microlitre of blood and had not taken any antimalarial drugs during the last 3 weeks. Results: During 1987–1997 the total number of malaria cases detected ranged between 650 and 1,350 each year. More than 75% of the cases had Plasmodium vivax infection. The majority of these cases (>98%) were detected in individuals coming from various malaria-endemic areas to reside or work in Kuwait. Of the 575 cases tested for drug resistance 42 isolates (7.3%) were resistant to chloroquine (MIC >8 pmol) and 6 isolates (1.04%) were resistant to mefloquine (MIC >64 pmol). The 50% inhibitory concentrations were 2.7 and 4.8 pmol for chloroquine and mefloquine, respectively. All the 6 isolates that were resistant to mefloquine were also resistant to chloroquine. Chloroquine resistance was seen in patients from various malaria-endemic countries. Conclusion: To date no indigenous case of malaria has been detected in Kuwait, however, recent environmental and demographic changes in and around the State of Kuwait may threaten the present status of zero endemicity. In this study we show that 7.3% of the malaria isolates tested were resistant to chloroquine and 1.04% isolates were resistant to mefloquine.

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“…Falciparum malaria may be introduced by visitors or migrants from east Africa or elsewhere, and inevitably, chloroquine resistance has become prevalent. [66][67][68][69] The high rate of protective erythrocyte anomalies in Oman suggests long historical exposure to malaria. 70,71 The mean prevalence rates are sickle cell trait ϭ 6%, ␤-thalassemia ϭ 2%, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency ϭ 18% (male:female ratio ϭ 2.5:1).…”

Section: Prion Diseases Creutzfeldt-jakob Disease (Cjd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious and tropical diseases in Oman: a review.

Scrimgeour¹,

Mehta²,

Suleiman³

1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Oman is generally hot and dry, but the Salalah region in southern Dhofar province is relatively cool and rainy during the summer monsoon, and has a distinctive pattern of infection. Important, notifiable infections in Oman include tuberculosis, brucellosis (endemic in Dhofar), acute gastroenteritis, and viral hepatitis: 4.9% of the adults are seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen and approximately 1.2% for hepatitis C virus. Infection with human immunodeficiency virus is uncommon, and leprosy, rabies, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever are rare. Between 1990 and 1998, the incidence of malaria, (Ͼ70% due to Plasmodium falciparum) decreased from 32,700 to 882 cases. Cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania tropica and L. infantum, respectively) and Bancroftian filariasis occur sporadically. Intestinal parasitism ranges from 17% to 42% in different populations. A solitary focus of schistosomiasis mansoni in Dhofar has been eradicated. There are major programs for the elimination of tuberculosis, leprosy, and malaria, and to control brucellosis, leishmaniasis, sexually transmitted diseases, trachoma, acute respiratory infection in children, and diarrheal diseases. The Expanded Program on Immunization was introduced in 1981: diphtheria, neonatal tetanus, and probably poliomyelitis have been eliminated.

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Status of imported malaria in a control zone of the United Arab Emirates bordering an area of unstable malaria

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Re-emerging Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea

Re-emerging Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea

Risk of Introduction of Drug-Resistant Malaria in a Non-Endemic Country, Kuwait: A Real Threat?

Infectious and tropical diseases in Oman: a review.

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