Status of multidrug resistance in tubercle bacillus and phytochemicals for the control

Dubey, Debasmita; Rath, Shakti; Sahu, Mahesh Chandra; Nayak, Niranjan; Debata, Nagen Kumar; Padhy, Rabindra N.

doi:10.1007/s10389-012-0514-y

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The transfer of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus from E. coli to the phylogenetically distant Mycobacterium smegmatis is a surprising example [32] . During the gene transfer process even, transposons/mass transfer of characters occur, which could, a priory, lead to the enrichment of characters of drug resistance in a cell, progressively causing the emergence of bacterial strains, resistant to almost all drugs/antibiotics in current use or pandrug resistant (PDR) bacteria, as they are known [33] , to state with a bold conjecture [34] . Genetic exchange mechanisms cause improvements of mutants for further drug-resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic exchange mechanisms cause improvements of mutants for further drug-resistance. All pathogenic cells in the body slowly get replaced by a progeny of the resistant cell that act as a doppelgänger, eventually the chicaning MDR strain of a bacterium predominates [34] . Each of the mechanism described are potent enough to afford drug-resistance to any bacteria, may be Gram-negative or Gram-positive and phylogenetically near or distant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surveillance of multidrug resistant uropathogenic bacteria in hospitalized patients in Indian

Mishra

Debata

Padhy

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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Objective: To record surveillance, antibiotic resistance of uropathogens of hospitalized patients over a period of 18 months. Methods: Urine samples from wards and cabins were used for isolating urinary tract infection (UTI)-causing bacteria that were cultured on suitable selective media and identified by biochemical tests; and their antibiograms were ascertained by KirbyBauer's disc diffusion method, in each 6-month interval of the study period, using 18 antibiotics of five different classes. Results: From wards and cabins, 1 245 samples were collected, from which 996 strains of bacteria belonging to 11 species were isolated, during April 2011 to September 2012. Two Gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and nine Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. Both S. aureus and E. faecalis were vancomycin resistant, and resistant-strains of all pathogens increased in each 6-month period of study. Particularly, all Gram-negatives were resistant to nitrofurantoin and co-trimoxazole, the most preferred antibiotics of empiric therapy for UTI. Conclusions: Antibiograms of 11 UTIcausing bacteria recorded in this study indicated moderately higher numbers of strains resistant to each antibiotic studied, generating the fear of precipitating fervent episodes in public health particularly with bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. aureus. Moreover, vancomycin resistance in strains of S. aureus and E. faecalis is a matter of concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of multidrug resistant uropathogenic bacteria in hospitalized patients in Indian

Mishra

Debata

Padhy

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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“…The pharmacy world too is anticipated to be benefitted by this and similar studies on subtle MDR pathogens all over, for finesse in dovetailing suitable drugs of non-microbial origin even, as antimicrobials. 20 As each bacterium monitored here could cause grievous health episodes independently, multiple infections with 2e3 MDR bacteria might cause treatment failures. Consequently, it would help prevent, a priory d the use of some lowbrow antibiotic regimen, for the desperate patients in quandary, dabbling with a MDR infection that might prove as the terminal bacteremia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Surveillance of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria in an Indian teaching hospital

Rout

Dubey

Panigrahy

et al. 2014

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences

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To conduct surveillance of a teaching hospital in a period of 15 months, clinical samples from patients were used for the isolation of pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial isolates were isolated and identifies by standard biochemical procedures. Antibiotic sensitivity test were conducted for each isolates by Kirby-Bauer's/disc diffusion method. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers were determined by double disc diffusion synergy test (DDST) and iodometric test. 2547 bacterial isolates were found belonging to 12 species namely: Escherichia coli (954), Staphylococcus aureus (661), Klebsiella pneumoniae (301), Enterococcus faecalis (175), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (121), Acinetobacter sp. (110), Citrobacter sp. (69), Klebsiella oxytoca (51), Proteus vulgaris (43), Proteus mirabilis (31), Enterobacter sp. (27), Morganella sp. (4), in descending order. The isolated bacterial strains were further tested for monitoring resistance to cefepime ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone (all 30 mg/disc) and cefoperazone (75 mg/disc) of the third generation cephalosporins (3GCs). Numbers of resistant isolates were in descending order: Proteus vulgaris (76.7%), Morganella sp. (75.0%), Enterococcus faecalis (71.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (68.6%), Proteus mirabilis (67.7%), Klebsiella oxytoca (62.6%) and Citrobacter sp. (52.1%) cefepime (30 mg/disc) and the rest other bacteria were of lesser resistant values with the least percent value, Escherichia coli (7.7%). Similarly, Citrobacter sp.(91.3%) showed resistance to ceftazidime (30 mg/disc) and 76.8% resistant to cefotaxime (30 mg/disc). Proteus mirabilis showed the highest resistance over all other isolates as 90.3% to ceftriaxone (30 mg/disc) and 80.6% to cefoperazone (75 mg/disc). The resistance values to the tested 3GC antibiotics ranged from 43 to 51%.Conclusion: Antibiotics inhibiting b-lactamase production were used with a blithesome control over 12 ESBL bacteria. The 3GC antibiotic group was significantly effective in controlling the GN bacterial strains in this study.

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“…3 Moreover, multidrug resistant (MDR), resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and extre mely drug-resistant (XXDR) and ghoulish totally drug-resistant (TDR) tuberculosis cases described as resistant to resistant 'all first-line drugs and second-line drugs' TB strains have emerged, rendering the present module of chemotherapy ineffective at several areas. [4][5][6] Mainly, Mtb developed resistance to pyrazinamide with alteration(s) in cell wall synthesis. 7,8 In this scenario, the development of a novel well-tolerated and emulating anti-mycobacterial agent, for the control of MDR, XDR or TDR Mtb, is a dire necessity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Approach for Locating Effective Cyanobacterial Compounds against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Swain¹,

Paidesetty²,

Padhy³

et al. 2017

IJPER

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Introduction:Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been a grievous pathogen causing staggering infections worldwide; especially its recently drug resistant strains are intractable. The MurA ligase of cell-wall peptidoglycan pathway is the suitable target often used for drug development. Methods: A homology model of MurA enzyme of M. tuberculosis was generated and validated by a Ramachandran plot for use in molecular docking studies with 13 cyano-compounds, along with 4 first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and rifampicin. Results: Docking scores of two most effective cyano-compounds, pitipeptolides F and pitipeptolides D are -13.765 and -13.678 kcal/mol, respectively, whereas that of rifampicin is -9.173 kcal/mol. Computed LD 50 values of the majority cyano-compounds were 200 mg/kg in mouse models, whereas that of isoniazid is 133 mg/kg. Most cyano-compounds, isoniazid and rifampicin are of the class III toxicity level or slightly toxic. Isoniazid has the highest LC 50 value around 0.7 mmol against fathead minnow fish, but it is carcinogenic and mutagenic, as known from the computational prediction. Conclusion: Effective-most cyano-compounds, pitipeptolides F and pitipeptolides D could be used as alterative/ complementary agents against recently reported drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis.

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Status of multidrug resistance in tubercle bacillus and phytochemicals for the control

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Surveillance of multidrug resistant uropathogenic bacteria in hospitalized patients in Indian

Surveillance of multidrug resistant uropathogenic bacteria in hospitalized patients in Indian

Surveillance of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria in an Indian teaching hospital

Computational Approach for Locating Effective Cyanobacterial Compounds against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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