Status of Peatland Degradation and Development in Sumatra and Kalimantan

Miettinen, Jukka; Liew, Soo Chin

doi:10.1007/s13280-010-0051-2

Cited by 92 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Peatlands, which are naturally waterlogged and rich in carbon, are continually being exploited, particularly for drainage activities in response to agricultural development (Silvius and Diemont, 2007;Hooijer et al, 2010;Jaenicke et al, 2010;Miettinen and Liew, 2010). However, the unsustainable use of peatlands leads to extensive land clearing activities, deforestation, and land degradation (van Beukering et al, 2008;Ansari, 2011) which in turn lower the groundwater level and increase the risk of fire, particularly during the dry season (Wosten et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust and Gas Emissions from Small-Scale Peat Combustion

Othman

Latif

2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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While peatland has long been exploited for agricultural activities, these make it vulnerable to fires, which emit pollutants into the atmosphere and adversely affect air quality. The aim of this study was thus to determine the main composition of air pollutants from peat soil combustion. The main parameters of the related gas pollutants, e.g., SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, O 3 and PM 10 , and their components, such as anions, cations, heavy metals and levoglucosan, have been determined. The gas concentration was determined using the colorimetric method after the air had been assimilated into absorbing solutions. The PM 10 concentration was established using a low volume air sampler equipped with weighted filter paper. The anion concentration of PM 10 was analyzed using ion chromatography, while the cation and heavy metal concentrations were ascertained using inductively couple plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Moreover, the concentration of levoglucosan was determined using the Anthrone-Sulfuric Colorimetric method. The results show that the dominant gas from the emission of burning peat soil was CO (13850-20610 μg/

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust and Gas Emissions from Small-Scale Peat Combustion

Othman

Latif

2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The annual rates of peat swamp forest cover loss in Indonesia were projected at 3.80% and 3.40% respectively during the periods of 1990(Miettinen et al, 2012c. More than 57% of peatland in Sumatera and Kalimantan is covered by marginal forest and unmanaged degraded areas (Miettinen & Liew, 2010). Indonesia (excluding Papua) has lost a total 4.57 Mha of peat swamp forest cover during 1990-2010 (Miettinen et al, 2011c).…”

Section: 1! Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the restoration efforts of degraded peatland in central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Dohong¹

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Indonesia's tropical peatlands are an ecosystem of global significance. They contain immense stores of carbon and play a key role in regional and global climate systems. They provide habitat for iconic species such as the orangutan and Sumatran tiger, and they sustain the livelihoods of thousands of local people. Despite these values, Indonesia's peatland ecosystems have been subject to extensive deforestation and degradation during the past two decades. Recurrent peatland fires related to these land use activities have caused smoke pollution across the region, resulting in substantial public health issues and political controversy. More than 50% of the nation's 21 Mha of peatland can be considered as degraded. There is an urgent need to slow the rate of peatland degradation in Indonesia and to effectively restore the vast areas already damaged. A key consideration in this challenge is that tropical peatland restoration is an emerging field of scientific inquiry and little research has been published on the factors that constitute and influence successful restoration of tropical peatland ecosystems.This thesis addresses this gap in the broader ecosystem restoration literature by focusing on a case study of the so-called "Ex-Mega Rice Project" area of Central Kalimantan (an area previously subject to extensive degradation) and examining how successful peatland restoration can be achieved in Indonesia by: (1) reviewing the drivers of peatland degradation in the country in order to better understand the competing interests and broader socioecological context in which restoration activities need to be carried out; (2) studying previous restoration initiatives in Indonesia to better understand the restoration techniques used and the factors influencing their relative effectiveness; (3) analysing the specific tropical peatland restoration technique of "re-wetting" to better understand which elements of the technique best support effective restoration outcomes; (4) analysing the specific issue of illegal oil palm development on Indonesian peatland, including a consideration of what sorts of interventions are required to halt illegal oil palm development and control the associated recurrent fires that have been shown to substantially constrain the effectiveness of restoration initiatives; and (5) presenting an overarching conceptual framework of the factors that influence effective peatland restoration, which can be used by policy makers to devise restoration interventions that should have a greater probability of success.The drivers of peatland degradation in Indonesia can be categorised as direct and indirect. Direct drivers include logging, oil palm development and recurrent fires (mostly caused by large-and smallscale land use activities). Indirect drivers include climate change, the poverty and employment needs ii of local people, and the ineffective and sometimes perversely counter-productive land use governance systems.Techniques previously used to restore peatlands in Indonesia include rewetting through ...

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“…The major field methods applied in the surveys were 'Timed Species-Counts' and 'Point Counts' which were used for counting the number of bird species, and 'Counting methods for specific groups' was also used to survey bird groups. We applied step by step on the basis of guidelines stated by Pomeroy & Tengecho [24] Pomeroy [25], and Freeman et al [26]. 'Time Species-Count' was used to count the numbers of bird species over the certain time in two habitats (i.e.…”

Section: Bird Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

MOJES

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This paper conducts an original study to examine the restoration of an endemic tropical wetland for bird enrichment in the Mekong Delta. Recovery of swamp Melaleuca forest was a key driver provided an appropriately structural landscape and environment to enrich bird diversity in the study area. During the period 2003 -2013, bird enrichment was increased to 159 bird species after a forest fire, happened in 2002, in which 15 waterbird species with 17,366 individuals; and populations of three waterbirds under the Global and Regional Endangered Lists with hundreds of individuals in UMT National Park. The recovery of forest and richness of birds were likely two important indicators of the successful restoration of Melaleuca swamp ecosystem in the area. Thus, relationships of six variables, involving Melaleuca recovery, bird richness, conservation values, technical awareness, tourism services, and wildfire, were considerable drivers needed to be understood for improving a sustainable management of forested wetland ecosystems. The restore of swamp Melaleuca forest can contribute an important role for the East Asian-Australasian Flyway of birds.

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Status of Peatland Degradation and Development in Sumatra and Kalimantan

Cited by 92 publications

References 17 publications

Dust and Gas Emissions from Small-Scale Peat Combustion

Dust and Gas Emissions from Small-Scale Peat Combustion

An assessment of the restoration efforts of degraded peatland in central Kalimantan, Indonesia

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